Gupta P C, Bhonsle R B, Mehta F S, Pindborg J J
Int J Epidemiol. 1984 Jun;13(2):184-7. doi: 10.1093/ije/13.2.184.
Mortality experience of a cohort of 10 287 individuals age 15 years and over selected by random sampling in Ernakulam district of Kerala was recorded in house-to-house surveys over a 10-year period. Mortality rates were analysed according to tobacco habits of chewing and smoking, taking-age and sex distribution into consideration. Tobacco chewing was practised most commonly by females and these females had significantly higher age-adjusted mortality rates than those who did not use tobacco (relative risk 1.3). Excess mortality among male bidi smokers (relative risk 1.5) was also significant and comparable to the excess mortality among cigarette smokers reported from Western countries.
在喀拉拉邦埃尔讷古勒姆区通过随机抽样选取了10287名15岁及以上的个体组成队列，在为期10年的逐户调查中记录了他们的死亡情况。根据咀嚼和吸烟的烟草习惯，并考虑年龄和性别分布，分析了死亡率。女性最常咀嚼烟草，这些女性的年龄调整死亡率显著高于不使用烟草的女性（相对风险1.3）。男性比迪烟吸烟者的超额死亡率（相对风险1.5）也很显著，与西方国家报告的卷烟吸烟者的超额死亡率相当。
