Tertinger D A, Greene B F, Lutzker J R
J Appl Behav Anal. 1984 Summer;17(2):159-74. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-159.
Parents may be charged with child abuse or neglect or both on the basis of a variety of circumstances. Child neglect, for example, is often documented when caseworkers observe that the family's home itself is so poorly kept that it presents an environment in which young children have ready access to lethal hazards such as poisons, uncovered wall outlets, and firearms. In this study, we describe the development of a Home Accident Prevention Inventory (HAPI) which was validated and used to assess hazards in the homes of several families under state protective service for child abuse and neglect. The HAPI included five categories of hazards: fire and electrical, mechanical-suffocation, ingested object suffocation, firearms, and solid/liquid poisons. Following the collection of baseline data, parents were presented with a treatment package that included instructions and demonstrations on making hazards inaccessible to children, plus feedback regarding the number and location of hazards in the home. The multiple-baseline design across hazardous categories in each family's home showed that the package resulted in decreases in the number of these accessible hazards. These improvements were maintained over an extended period of unannounced follow-up checks. This research provides a model for the development and assessment of an area previously unexamined in the child abuse and neglect literature.
在各种情况下，父母可能会被指控虐待或忽视儿童，或两者兼而有之。例如，当社会工作者观察到家庭住所维护得很差，以至于为幼儿提供了容易接触到致命危险（如毒药、未覆盖的墙壁插座和枪支）的环境时，儿童忽视情况往往会被记录下来。在这项研究中，我们描述了家庭事故预防清单（HAPI）的开发过程，该清单经过验证，并用于评估接受国家虐待和忽视儿童保护服务的几个家庭住所中的危险。HAPI包括五类危险：火灾和电气、机械窒息、吞食物体窒息、枪支以及固体/液体毒药。在收集基线数据后，向父母提供了一个治疗方案，其中包括关于使儿童无法接触到危险的说明和示范，以及关于家中危险数量和位置的反馈。每个家庭住所中各类危险的多基线设计表明，该方案减少了这些可接触到的危险数量。这些改进在长时间的不定期随访检查中得以保持。这项研究为儿童虐待和忽视文献中以前未研究过的领域的发展和评估提供了一个模型。
