A comparison of midazolam and diazepam for intravenous sedation in dentistry.

In a randomised cross-over trial, midazolam, a new water soluble benzodiazepine was compared with the conventional diazepam preparation (Valium) in 34 patients aged 16-45 years who were undergoing outpatient conservation dentistry. Midazolam hydrochloride (0.17 mg/kg) was virtually free of venous complications and showed advantages over diazepam (0.32 mg/kg) in providing a faster onset of action, higher incidence of amnesia and more rapid recovery. Midazolam produced a higher incidence of respiratory side effects hiccough (17.6% compared with 2.9%), brief apnoea following induction (11.8% compared with 5.8%), and airway obstruction during maintenance (8.8% compared with 0%). These may be related to the greater potency of midazolam as suggested by the smaller total dose required. Cardiovascular changes and operating conditions were similar.