Hunt S M, McEwen J, McKenna S P
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1984 Jun;38(2):156-60. doi: 10.1136/jech.38.2.156.
The need to find accurate and reliable indicators on which to base the planning, provision, and evaluation of health services gave impetus to the attempt to develop reliable and valid measures of the perceived health status of the consumers of health care. Subjective measures can provide an important complement to traditional statistics by giving direct access to the personal feelings of discomfort or distress that influence the use of health services. Such measures also give meaningful criteria for the evaluation of the efficacy of such services. Self assessments of health obtained from surveys and interviews have consistently found age and sex differences in the tendency to report symptoms, ill-health, disability, visits to doctors, and sickness absence. Many of these data, however, may have been misleading in using instruments of unknown or uncertain validity and reliability. Nevertheless, subjective assessments of health have been shown to have value and to add a dimension to objective measurements of health. They have been considered to be one of the better predictors of mortality and of adjustment to major episodes of illness.
为卫生服务的规划、提供和评估找到准确可靠的指标的需求，推动了人们尝试制定可靠且有效的措施来衡量医疗保健消费者的感知健康状况。主观测量方法可以通过直接了解影响卫生服务利用的不适或痛苦的个人感受，为传统统计数据提供重要补充。这些测量方法还为评估此类服务的效果提供了有意义的标准。通过调查和访谈获得的健康自我评估结果一直显示，在报告症状、健康不佳、残疾、看医生次数和病假方面，年龄和性别存在差异。然而，其中许多数据在使用效度和信度未知或不确定的工具时可能会产生误导。尽管如此，健康的主观评估已被证明具有价值，并为健康的客观测量增加了一个维度。它们被认为是死亡率和对重大疾病发作适应情况的较好预测指标之一。
