Yip J E, Kokich V G, Shepard T H
Teratology. 1980 Feb;21(1):29-38. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420210105.
Eight pregnant Macaca nemestrina were administered from 7.5 to 10 mg/kg retinoic acid by mouth from day 20 to 44 of gestation. All fetuses exhibited craniofacial abnormalities. The craniofacial complex was studied in detail utilizing gross photography, silver nitrate impregnation, radiography, alizarin staining, and histologic processing. Nearly all the bones of the craniofacial complex were affected; the zygomatic bone and the mandible were most severely altered. Premature fusion of the coronal suture occurred in all the specimens, and there was a clockwise rotation of the craniofacial complex on right lateral view. In general, the bones of the affected fetus were smaller and less well developed than in the control specimen. The abnormal specimens in the present investigation resembled the Treacher-Collins syndrome in humans, and may be the result of defective neural crest cell migration in the first and second branchial arches.
八只怀孕的猪尾猕猴在妊娠第20天至44天经口给予7.5至10毫克/千克的视黄酸。所有胎儿均表现出颅面异常。利用大体摄影、硝酸银浸渍、放射摄影、茜素染色和组织学处理对颅面复合体进行了详细研究。几乎颅面复合体的所有骨骼都受到影响；颧骨和下颌骨改变最为严重。所有标本均出现冠状缝过早融合，右侧位观察时颅面复合体呈顺时针旋转。总体而言，受影响胎儿的骨骼比对照标本更小且发育更差。本研究中的异常标本类似于人类的特雷彻-柯林斯综合征，可能是第一和第二鳃弓中神经嵴细胞迁移缺陷的结果。
