头孢克洛在正常志愿者和肾衰竭患者中的药理学。
Pharmacology of cefaclor in normal volunteers and patients with renal failure.
作者信息
Santoro J, Agarwal B N, Martinelli R, Wenger N, Levison M E
出版信息
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Jun;13(6):951-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.13.6.951.
Abstract
After a 500-mg dose of cefaclor, the mean peak plasma level was 12.4 mug/ml and after a 250-mg dose it was 5 mug/ml in normal volunteers. Food intake significantly reduced absorption. Probenecid prolonged plasma levels. Mean plasma half-life in normal volunteers was 0.8 h. Only about 50% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 4 h in normal volunteers. Plasma half-life in patients with renal insufficiency was only about 3 h, which suggests that cefaclor may be eliminated by nonrenal mechanisms in humans. Urinary levels of cefaclor were adequate to inhibit susceptible pathogens even in patients with moderately severe renal failure. Plasma half-life during hemodialysis was 2.1 h and rose to 2.8 h after dialysis.
摘要
在正常志愿者中，服用500毫克头孢克洛剂量后，平均血浆峰值水平为12.4微克/毫升，服用250毫克剂量后为5微克/毫升。食物摄入显著降低吸收。丙磺舒延长血浆水平。正常志愿者的平均血浆半衰期为0.8小时。在正常志愿者中，仅约50%的剂量在4小时内随尿液排出。肾功能不全患者的血浆半衰期仅约为3小时，这表明头孢克洛在人体内可能通过非肾脏机制消除。即使在中度严重肾衰竭患者中，头孢克洛的尿液水平也足以抑制易感病原体。血液透析期间的血浆半衰期为2.1小时，透析后升至2.8小时。
相似文献
1
Pharmacology of cefaclor in normal volunteers and patients with renal failure.头孢克洛在正常志愿者和肾衰竭患者中的药理学。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Jun;13(6):951-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.13.6.951.
2
Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure.头孢克洛在正常受试者和慢性肾衰竭患者中的药代动力学。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Dec;12(6):730-2. doi: 10.1128/AAC.12.6.730.
3
In vitro activity and pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in normal volunteers and patients with renal failure.头孢克洛在正常志愿者和肾衰竭患者中的体外活性及药代动力学
Postgrad Med J. 1979;55 Suppl 4:12-6.
4
Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in patients with end stage renal disease and during hemodialysis.头孢克洛在终末期肾病患者及血液透析期间的药代动力学。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Sep;14(3):281-3. doi: 10.1128/AAC.14.3.281.
5
The pharmacology of cefamandole in patients with reduced renal function.头孢孟多在肾功能减退患者中的药理学。
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1980;suppl 25:45-8.
6
Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in patients with renal impairment.头孢孟多在肾功能损害患者中的药代动力学。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1979 Feb;15(2):161-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.15.2.161.
7
Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor and cephalexin: dosage nomograms for impaired renal function.头孢克洛和头孢氨苄的药代动力学：肾功能受损时的剂量列线图
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Aug;14(2):172-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.14.2.172.
8
Pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole in normal subjects and in patients with impaired renal function.头孢美唑在正常受试者及肾功能不全患者中的药代动力学。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Sep;18(3):386-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.18.3.386.
9
Pharmacokinetics of cefotetan in normal subjects and patients with impaired renal function.头孢替坦在正常受试者及肾功能受损患者中的药代动力学。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Jan;23(1):31-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.23.1.31.
10
Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in renal failure: effects of multiple doses and hemodialysis.头孢克洛在肾衰竭中的药代动力学：多次给药及血液透析的影响
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Feb;21(2):278-81. doi: 10.1128/AAC.21.2.278.
引用本文的文献
1
Do dietary interventions exert clinically important effects on the bioavailability of β-lactam antibiotics? A systematic review with meta-analyses.饮食干预对β-内酰胺类抗生素的生物利用度是否有临床重要影响？系统评价和荟萃分析。
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2024 Apr 2;79(4):722-757. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkae028.
2
Cefaclor as a first-line treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis: a retrospective single-center study.头孢克洛作为急性单纯性膀胱炎一线治疗的回顾性单中心研究。
BMC Urol. 2020 Apr 6;20(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-00605-6.
3
Cephalosporin-probenecid drug interactions.头孢菌素-丙磺舒药物相互作用。
Clin Pharmacokinet. 1993 Apr;24(4):289-300. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199324040-00003.
4
Elimination of cefroxadine (CGP-9000) from patients undergoing dialysis.接受透析患者体内头孢沙定（CGP - 9000）的清除情况。
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;24(1):109-12. doi: 10.1007/BF00613936.
5
Penetration of cefaclor into bronchial mucosa.头孢克洛在支气管黏膜中的渗透情况。
Thorax. 1984 Nov;39(11):813-7. doi: 10.1136/thx.39.11.813.
6
Comparison of the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of cefprozil and cefaclor.食物对头孢丙烯和头孢克洛药代动力学影响的比较。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1210-3. doi: 10.1128/AAC.34.6.1210.
7
Comparison of cefprozil and cefaclor pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration.头孢丙烯与头孢克洛的药代动力学及组织穿透性比较。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1204-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.34.6.1204.
8
Clinical pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in patients with impaired renal function.肾功能受损患者抗生素的临床药代动力学
Clin Pharmacokinet. 1992 Mar;22(3):169-210. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199222030-00002.
9
Cefaclor: summary of clinical experience.头孢克洛：临床经验总结
Infection. 1979;7 Suppl 6:631-5. doi: 10.1007/BF01659754.
10
[Investigations on the excretion of cefaclor in human bile (author's transl)].
Infection. 1979;7 Suppl 6:624-7. doi: 10.1007/BF01659752.
本文引用的文献
1
Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in renal insufficiency.头孢氨苄在肾功能不全患者中的药代动力学
Postgrad Med J. 1971 Feb;47:Suppl:69-78.
2
Pharmacokinetics of the cephalosporins in healthy volunteers and uremic patients.头孢菌素类药物在健康志愿者和尿毒症患者体内的药代动力学。
Postgrad Med J. 1971 Feb;47:Suppl:41-6.
3
Cephalexin in patients with renal disease.
N Engl J Med. 1970 Oct 1;283(14):720-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197010012831402.
4
Oral cephalexin and ampicillin: antimicrobial activity, recovery in urine, and persistence in blood of uremic patients.口服头孢氨苄和氨苄西林：尿毒症患者的抗菌活性、尿液中的回收率及血液中的持续时间
Ann Intern Med. 1970 Mar;72(3):349-56. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-72-3-349.
5
Cephalexin therapy as related to renal function.与肾功能相关的头孢氨苄治疗
Am J Med Sci. 1970 Feb;259(2):133-42. doi: 10.1097/00000441-197002000-00007.
6
Clinical and in vitro evaluation of cefazolin, a new cephalosporin antibiotic.新型头孢菌素抗生素头孢唑林的临床及体外评价
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1973 Feb;3(2):168-74. doi: 10.1128/AAC.3.2.168.
7
Pharmacology of cefazolin in patients with normal and abnormal renal function.
J Infect Dis. 1973 Oct;128:Suppl:S354-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/128.supplement_2.s354.
8
Metabolism of (14C) cefaclor, a cephalosporin antibiotic, in three species of laboratory animals.头孢克洛（一种头孢菌素类抗生素）在三种实验动物体内的代谢情况，其中头孢克洛用（14C）标记 。
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Oct;10(4):630-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.10.4.630.
9
In vitro activities of five oral cephalosporins against aerobic pathogenic bacteria.五种口服头孢菌素对需氧病原菌的体外活性
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Nov;12(5):609-13. doi: 10.1128/AAC.12.5.609.
10
Comparison of in vitro antibacterial activity of three oral cephalosporins: cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine.三种口服头孢菌素（头孢克洛、头孢氨苄和头孢拉定）的体外抗菌活性比较
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Nov;12(5):591-6. doi: 10.1128/AAC.12.5.591.
Zotero 插件