Kagawa S, Koshu K, Yoshimoto T, Suzuki J
No Shinkei Geka. 1981 Nov;9(12):1417-22.
It has previously been thought difficult to produce hemorrhagic infarction in animals. Using the thalamic infarction model in the dog, the production of hemorrhagic infarction can be achieved consistently. In this study, the protective effect of mannitol and/or artificial blood (perfluorochemicals) on the hemorrhagic infarction was investigated. Adult mongrel dogs weighing about 10 kg each were used. Following temporal craniotomy, thalamic ischemia was produced by occluding four trunk arteries (the internal carotid, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and posterior communicating arteries). Dogs which showed EEG changes indicative of thalamic ischemia were used in further experiments. The dogs were divided into 4 groups: (I) non-treated, (II) mannitol-treated, (III) fluorochemical-treated and (IV) mannitol and fluorochemical-treated. All dogs in each group underwent 6 hours of vascular occlusion followed by 1 hour recirculation. In order to evaluate the degree of hemorrhagic infarction, classification into 4 grades was done. Grade O: pale infarction without microscopical bleeding; Grade I: pale infarction wit microscopical bleeding; Grade II: a few sites of macroscopical petecheal bleeding; and Grade III: diffuse macroscopital petecheal bleeding. In the non-treated animals, autopsied brains showed hemorrhagic infarction in all cases. In mannitol-treated animals, some protective effect was found, especially in cases in which mannitol was administered within 60 minutes following occlusion. Hemorrhagic infarction was not suppressed in any of the fluorochemical-treated animals, but there was no hemorrhagic infarction in any of the animals treated with both mannitol and fluorochemicals. The present results are thought to indicate that these drugs administered together are effective in the treatment of hemorrhagic cerebral infarction.
以前人们认为在动物身上产生出血性梗死是困难的。利用犬丘脑梗死模型，能够持续实现出血性梗死的产生。在本研究中，研究了甘露醇和/或人造血液（全氟化合物）对出血性梗死的保护作用。使用成年杂种犬，每只体重约10千克。经颞部开颅术后，通过阻断四条主干动脉（颈内动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉和后交通动脉）造成丘脑缺血。脑电图显示有丘脑缺血改变的犬用于进一步实验。将犬分为4组：（I）未治疗组，（II）甘露醇治疗组，（III）氟化物治疗组，（IV）甘露醇和氟化物治疗组。每组所有犬均经历6小时血管阻塞，随后1小时再灌注。为了评估出血性梗死的程度，分为4级。0级：无显微镜下出血的苍白梗死；I级：有显微镜下出血的苍白梗死；II级：少数肉眼可见的瘀点出血部位；III级：弥漫性肉眼可见的瘀点出血。在未治疗的动物中，尸检大脑在所有病例中均显示出血性梗死。在甘露醇治疗的动物中，发现有一定保护作用，尤其是在阻塞后60分钟内给予甘露醇的病例中。在任何氟化物治疗的动物中，出血性梗死均未得到抑制，但在甘露醇和氟化物联合治疗的动物中，无一例出现出血性梗死。目前的结果被认为表明这些药物联合使用对出血性脑梗死的治疗有效。
