Perry P E, Thomson E J, Evans H J, Day N E, Bartsch H
Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(2):227-30. doi: 10.1093/carcin/4.2.227.
The induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) by opium pipe scrapings (sukhteh, Su) and the pyrolysis products of opium (Op) and of its major alkaloids, morphine (Mo), have been compared with that of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). All pyrolysates induced SCE and the frequency was further increased by the inclusion of S9-mix in the protocol. The pyrolysates of Op induced considerably more SCE than CSC when the same concentrations were compared on a weight basis, and the rank in order of potency in CHO cells was MO greater than Op greater than CSC greater than Su. The Op pyrolysates may therefore contribute a significant risk factor to the observed high incidence of oesophageal cancer in areas of Iran where heavy Op usage occurs.
已将鸦片烟管刮屑（sukhteh，Su）以及鸦片（Op）及其主要生物碱吗啡（Mo）的热解产物诱导姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）的情况与香烟烟雾冷凝物（CSC）进行了比较。所有热解产物均能诱导SCE，并且在实验方案中加入S9混合液后，其频率进一步增加。当以重量为基础比较相同浓度时，Op的热解产物诱导的SCE比CSC多得多，在CHO细胞中的效力排序为Mo＞Op＞CSC＞Su。因此，在伊朗大量使用Op的地区，Op热解产物可能是导致观察到的食管癌高发的一个重要风险因素。
