Norden C W, Shaffer M
J Infect Dis. 1983 Feb;147(2):352-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/147.2.352.
Vancomycin was used alone and in combination with rifampin in the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits. Treatment with 60 mg of vancomycin/kg of body weight twice a day for 28 days was ineffective in sterilizing infected rabbit bones. Rifampin (40 mg/kg) injected once a day for 28 days sterilized 57% of infected rabbit bones. Treatment with a combination of vancomycin and rifampin for either 14 or 28 days was significantly more effective than either drug used alone, sterilizing 84% and 90%, respectively, of the infected bones of treated animals. A possible explanation for the failure of vancomycin when used alone may be that its in vitro activity against the infecting strain of S. aureus (as measured by minimal inhibitory concentrations or minimal bactericidal concentrations) was substantially less under anaerobic conditions (that is, at partial pressures of oxygen analogous to those in osteomyelitic bones) than under aerobic conditions.
在兔实验性金黄色葡萄球菌骨髓炎治疗中，单独使用万古霉素以及将其与利福平联合使用。每天两次给予60毫克/千克体重的万古霉素治疗28天，对感染兔骨进行杀菌无效。每天注射一次40毫克/千克的利福平，持续28天，可使57%的感染兔骨除菌。使用万古霉素和利福平联合治疗14天或28天，均比单独使用任一药物显著有效，分别使治疗动物感染骨的84%和90%除菌。单独使用万古霉素失败的一个可能解释是，其在体外对感染的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的活性（通过最低抑菌浓度或最低杀菌浓度测定）在厌氧条件下（即与骨髓炎骨中的氧分压类似）比在需氧条件下显著更低。
