Ince C, Ypey D L, Van Furth R, Verveen A A
J Cell Biol. 1983 Mar;96(3):796-801. doi: 10.1083/jcb.96.3.796.
Analysis of membrane potential recordings upon microelectrode impalement of four types of macrophages (cell lines P388D1 and PU5-1.8, cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, and cultured human monocytes) reveals that these cells have membrane potentials at least two times more negative than sustained potential values (E(s)) frequently reported. Upon microelectrode entry into the cell (P388D1), the recorded potential drops to a peak value (E(p)) (mean -37 mV for 50 cells, range -15 to -70 mV) within 2 ms, after which it decays to a depolarized potential (E(n)) (mean -12 mV) in about 20 ms. Thereafter, the membrane develops one or a series of slow hyperpolarizations before a final sustained membrane potential (E(s)) (mean -14 mV, range -5 to -40) is established. The mean value of the peak of the first hyperpolarization (E(h)) is -30 mV (range -10 to -55 mV). The initial fast peak transient, measured upon microelectrode entry, was first described and analyzed by Lassen et al. (Lassen, U.V., A.M. T. Nielson, L. Pape, and L. O. Simonsen, 1971, J. Membr. Biol. 6:269-288 for other change in the membrane potential from its real value before impalement to a sustained depolarized value. This was shown to be true for macrophages by two-electrode impalements of single cells. Values of E(p), E(n), E(h), E(s), and membrane resistance (R(m)) measured for the other macrophages were similar to those of P388D1. From these results we conclude that E(p) is a better estimate of the true membrane potential of macrophages than E(s), and that the slow hyperpolarizations upon impalement should be regarded as transient repolarizations back to the original membrane potentials. Thus, analysis of the initial fast impalement transient can be a valuable aid in the estimation of the membrane potential of various sorts of small isolated cells by microelectrodes.
对四种巨噬细胞（细胞系P388D1和PU5-1.8、培养的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞以及培养的人单核细胞）进行微电极刺入时的膜电位记录分析发现，这些细胞的膜电位比经常报道的持续电位值（E(s)）至少负两倍以上。当微电极进入细胞（P388D1）时，记录的电位在2毫秒内降至峰值（E(p)）（50个细胞的平均值为-37 mV，范围为-15至-70 mV），之后在约20毫秒内衰减至去极化电位（E(n)）（平均值为-12 mV）。此后，在最终的持续膜电位（E(s)）（平均值为-14 mV，范围为-5至-40）建立之前，膜会出现一个或一系列缓慢的超极化。第一次超极化峰值（E(h)）的平均值为-30 mV（范围为-10至-55 mV）。微电极刺入时测量的初始快速峰值瞬变首先由拉森等人描述和分析（拉森，U.V.，A.M.T.尼尔森，L.帕佩，和L.O.西蒙森，1971年，《膜生物学杂志》6:269-288），用于膜电位从刺入前的真实值到持续去极化值的其他变化。通过单细胞双电极刺入证明巨噬细胞也是如此。对其他巨噬细胞测量的E(p)、E(n)、E(h)、E(s)和膜电阻（R(m)）值与P388D1相似。从这些结果我们得出结论，与E(s)相比，E(p)是对巨噬细胞真实膜电位的更好估计，并且刺入时的缓慢超极化应被视为回到原始膜电位的瞬时复极化。因此，对初始快速刺入瞬变的分析对于通过微电极估计各种小的分离细胞的膜电位可能是有价值的帮助。
