Kanto J, Sjövall S, Erkkola R, Himberg J J, Kangas L
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Jun;33(6):786-91. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1983.107.
Midazolam was given in a single 15-mg oral dose as a sedative the evening before elective cesarean section. Twelve hours later, levels of this new benzodiazepine were measureable in the fetomaternal entity in only one of 13 cases. After 15 mg midazolam orally or 0.05 mg/kg midazolam intramuscularly 15 to 60 min before elective cesarean section, there was evident transfer of drug into the placenta, but transfer took place more slowly than with diazepam. On the basis of kinetics derived from maternal serum concentrations after oral, intramuscular, or intravenous dosing, midazolam appears to have a rapid onset and short duration of action, which was also evident from subjective assessments by the patients. There was wide interindividual variation in the gastrointestinal absorption of midazolam in full-term pregnant women. Clinically, midazolam nevertheless seemed to be very useful for nocturnal sedation before elective cesarean section; it ensures a mean duration of sleep of about 6 hr and there are virtually no detectable levels of drug in the fetomaternal entity the next morning.
在择期剖宫产术前一晚，咪达唑仑以15毫克的单次口服剂量作为镇静剂给药。12小时后，在13例病例中只有1例在母胎体内可检测到这种新型苯二氮䓬类药物的水平。在择期剖宫产术前15至60分钟口服15毫克咪达唑仑或肌内注射0.05毫克/千克咪达唑仑后，药物明显转移至胎盘，但转移速度比地西泮慢。根据口服、肌内或静脉给药后母体血清浓度得出的动力学数据，咪达唑仑似乎起效迅速且作用持续时间短，这在患者的主观评估中也很明显。足月孕妇咪达唑仑的胃肠道吸收存在很大的个体差异。然而，临床上咪达唑仑似乎对择期剖宫产术前的夜间镇静非常有用；它可确保平均约6小时的睡眠时间，且第二天早晨在母胎体内几乎检测不到药物水平。
