Brener W, Hendrix T R, McHugh P R
Gastroenterology. 1983 Jul;85(1):76-82.
The gastric emptying characteristics of physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and glucose solutions of three different concentrations (0.05, 0.125, 0.25 g/ml) were examined in order to identify distinctions in the control of the stomach's activity. Saline emptied rapidly and exponentially. Glucose assumed, soon after filling the stomach, a slow and calorie-constant emptying pattern such that 2.13 kcal of glucose were delivered per minute to the duodenum for all three concentrations of glucose. When, by means of a catheter passed beyond the pylorus, glucose was infused into the duodenum in amounts varying from 26.5 to 120 kcal, an inhibition on the gastric emptying of physiological saline of 0.46 min/kcal of intraduodenal glucose was demonstrated. Since 2.13 kcal/min and 0.46 min/kcal are reciprocals, it appeared that in emptying saline, the gastroduodenal system acts as an "open-loop" system passing liquids from the stomach at a rate primarily determined by the volume of gastric contents. With glucose, however, a "closed-loop" system is established that assumes a steady-state balance between the delivery of glucose to the duodenum and the inhibition of this delivery evoked from the duodenum by the glucose that enters it.
为了确定胃活动控制方面的差异，研究了生理盐水（0.9%氯化钠）和三种不同浓度（0.05、0.125、0.25克/毫升）葡萄糖溶液的胃排空特性。生理盐水排空迅速且呈指数形式。葡萄糖在充满胃后不久呈现出缓慢且热量恒定的排空模式，即对于所有三种葡萄糖浓度，每分钟有2.13千卡的葡萄糖输送到十二指肠。当通过一根越过幽门的导管将不同量（从26.5到120千卡）的葡萄糖注入十二指肠时，发现十二指肠内每千卡葡萄糖对生理盐水胃排空有0.46分钟的抑制作用。由于2.13千卡/分钟和0.46分钟/千卡互为倒数，似乎在排空生理盐水时，胃十二指肠系统作为一个“开环”系统，以主要由胃内容物体积决定的速率将液体从胃中排出。然而，对于葡萄糖，会建立一个“闭环”系统，该系统在向十二指肠输送葡萄糖与十二指肠对进入其中的葡萄糖所引发的这种输送抑制之间达到稳态平衡。
