Gottschalk B, Leupold W, Woller P
Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1978 Feb;152(2):139-46.
The rate of powder absorbed in the lung greatly depends on the particle diameter, and amounts to 40--50% for 1 micrometer particles and 15--20% for 5 micrometer particles. Of importance for therapy was the information that single breath will deposit in the lung 15% of a powder aerosol of 2 micrometer diameter. The liquid aerosols as prevalently used in the therapy, were retained in the lung at a rate of 15% of the original amount when using ultrasonic apparatus. If calculated per minute of inhalation time, the amount absorbed by the lung amounted to 0.2 ml and that by the upper respiratory tract to 0.06 ml. Best deposition in the lung was obtained when inhaling in a closed system with valve-controlled aerosol stream, when using a mouthpiece, and when the test person inhaled with low respiratory rate, deep inspirations, short respiratory pause and complete exspiration. Mark inhalation with closed mouth gave only one tenth of the lung deposition reached with the breathing method described. The use of a mask showed good results, however, when the test person was breathing with open mouth. Only 0.07 ml/min were retained with jet nebulizer and mouth respiration. Combination with intermittent pressure respiration showed no convincing results.
粉末在肺部的吸收速率很大程度上取决于颗粒直径，对于1微米的颗粒，吸收率为40%-50%，对于5微米的颗粒，吸收率为15%-20%。对于治疗而言，重要的信息是单次呼吸会使直径为2微米的粉末气雾剂在肺部沉积15%。治疗中普遍使用的液体气雾剂，在使用超声设备时，以原始量的15%的速率滞留在肺部。如果按吸入时间每分钟计算，肺部吸收的量为0.2毫升，上呼吸道吸收的量为0.06毫升。当在带有阀门控制气雾剂流的封闭系统中吸入、使用吸嘴且测试者以低呼吸速率、深呼吸、短呼吸暂停和完全呼气进行吸入时，在肺部可获得最佳沉积效果。闭着嘴标记吸入时，肺部沉积量仅为所述呼吸方法的十分之一。然而，当测试者张嘴呼吸时，使用面罩显示出良好的效果。使用喷射雾化器和口呼吸时，仅保留0.07毫升/分钟。与间歇正压呼吸相结合未显示出令人信服的结果。
