Roehrs T, Zorick F, Sicklesteel J, Wittig R, Roth T
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983 Jun;31(6):364-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb05748.x.
The specific sleep disorders of 97 patients 61-81 years old were compared with those of 264 middle-aged (41-60 years old) and 202 young (20-40 years old) patients. Sleep disorder diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic Classification of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers based on evaluations consisting of mental and physical examinations and all-night sleep recordings. Most young and middle-aged patients complained of excessive daytime sleepiness; the elderly complained of insomnia as often as excessive daytime sleepiness. The evaluations revealed objective findings in 93 per cent of the elderly, but only 77 per cent of younger patients. Nocturnal myoclonus or restless leg syndrome was the diagnosed cause of 23 per cent of elderly patients' sleep-wake problems, but only 11 per cent of middle-aged and 4 per cent of young patients had this problem. Respiratory disorders of sleep were found in 27 per cent of elderly, 35 per cent of middle-aged, and 20 per cent of young patients. Elderly patients (6 per cent) had psychiatric disorders diagnosed as the causes for their problems less frequently than did younger patients (22 per cent).
对97名61至81岁患者的特定睡眠障碍与264名中年（41至60岁）患者及202名年轻（20至40岁）患者的睡眠障碍进行了比较。睡眠障碍诊断是根据睡眠障碍中心协会的诊断分类，基于包括精神和身体检查以及整夜睡眠记录的评估做出的。大多数年轻和中年患者抱怨白天过度嗜睡；老年人抱怨失眠的频率与白天过度嗜睡的频率相同。评估显示，93%的老年人有客观发现，而年轻患者中只有77%有客观发现。夜间肌阵挛或不宁腿综合征被诊断为23%的老年患者睡眠-觉醒问题的原因，但只有11%的中年患者和4%的年轻患者有此问题。27%的老年患者、35%的中年患者和20%的年轻患者存在睡眠呼吸障碍。被诊断为导致问题原因的老年患者（6%）比年轻患者（22%）少。
