Morse Anne Marie, Bender Evin
Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Department of Child Neurology and Sleep Medicine Geisinger Medical Center, Janet Weis Children's Hospital, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17820, USA.
Department of Neurology, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17820, USA.
Clocks Sleep. 2019 Feb 25;1(1):151-165. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep1010014. eCollection 2019 Mar.
Hospitalized patients frequently have disordered and poor-quality sleep due to a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These include frequent nighttime intrusions, insomnia related to pain and unfamiliar environments, dark conditions during the day with loss of natural light, and disruption of the natural sleep cycle due to illness. Sleep wake disturbances can result in a deleterious consequence on physical, emotional, and cognitive status, which may impact patient satisfaction, clinical recovery, and hospital length of stay. Despite this, clinicians frequently fail to document sleep disturbances and are generally unaware of the best practices to improve sleep quality in the hospital. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms: ("sleep and hospitalized patients") and ("sleep and hospitalization") to review the published data on the topic of sleep in hospitalized medical patients. The search was limited to English-language articles published between 2000 and 2018. Subsequent PubMed searches were performed to clarify the data described in the initial search, including the terms "hospital sleep protocols," "hospitalized patients sleep documentation," and "hospitalized patients sleep quality". The purpose of this review is to discuss sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients with a focus on causes of sleep disturbance, the effect of poor-quality sleep, high risk populations, considerations for surveillance and prevention, and pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options for treatment.
由于多种内在和外在因素，住院患者经常出现睡眠紊乱和睡眠质量差的情况。这些因素包括夜间频繁干扰、与疼痛和陌生环境相关的失眠、白天缺乏自然光的黑暗环境以及疾病导致的自然睡眠周期紊乱。睡眠-觉醒障碍会对身体、情绪和认知状态产生有害影响，这可能会影响患者满意度、临床康复和住院时间。尽管如此，临床医生经常未能记录睡眠障碍情况，并且通常不了解改善医院睡眠质量的最佳做法。使用“睡眠与住院患者”和“睡眠与住院治疗”等术语在PubMed上进行了搜索，以回顾已发表的关于住院内科患者睡眠主题的数据。搜索仅限于2000年至2018年发表的英文文章。随后进行了PubMed搜索，以澄清初始搜索中描述的数据，包括“医院睡眠方案”、“住院患者睡眠记录”和“住院患者睡眠质量”等术语。本综述的目的是讨论住院患者的睡眠障碍，重点关注睡眠障碍的原因、睡眠质量差的影响、高危人群、监测和预防的注意事项以及治疗的药物和非药物选择。
