Brener R
J Psycholinguist Res. 1983 May;12(3):235-62. doi: 10.1007/BF01067669.
Forty-two children (2;8-5;7) viewed video-taped "scenes' in which a SPEAKER addressed sentences containing a personal pronoun which referred to him/herself, the ADDRESSEE or a male or female OTHER. The child's task was to identify the referent of the pronoun. No other cues to the identity of the referent were given. Errors showed that initially gender was the variable used to identify referents and that person was used only later. Several of the oldest children still used only gender in some types of utterance situations. This was because the deictic roles OTHER and, to some extent, ADDRESSEE, were not fully understood until relatively late. Possible explanations concerned the use of Baby Talk to children and information processing necessary for referent identification.
42名儿童（年龄在2岁8个月至5岁7个月之间）观看了录像“场景”，其中一个说话者说出包含指代他/她自己、听话者或男性或女性第三人称的人称代词的句子。儿童的任务是确定代词的指代对象。没有给出关于指代对象身份的其他线索。错误表明，最初性别是用于确定指代对象的变量，而人称只是后来才被使用。一些年龄最大的儿童在某些类型的话语情境中仍然只使用性别。这是因为直到相对较晚的时候，第三人称和在某种程度上听话者的指示性角色才被充分理解。可能的解释涉及对儿童使用儿语以及确定指代对象所需的信息处理。
