Sepkovic D W, Haley N J, Axelrad C M, Wynder E L
Addict Behav. 1983;8(1):59-66. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(83)90057-6.
Subjects who smoked a medium range nicotine yield cigarette were given a higher nicotine yield cigarette (an increase of 0.34 mg nicotine) to smoke ad libitum for two weeks. Plasma nicotine, cotinine, thiocyanate and blood carboxyhemoglobin levels were determined as well as various physiological parameters including heart rate and blood pressure. Increases in plasma nicotine were most directly correlated to heart rate when smokers were first challenged with a higher nicotine yield cigarette (r = 0.85); less directly correlated after a two-week acclimatization period (r = 0.42) and poorly related to their customary product (r = 0.23). Interestingly, it was noted that subjects did not compensate for higher nicotine yield by smoking fewer cigarettes per day when incremental nicotine changes were realistic. They did, however, show higher plasma nicotine, thiocyanate and an upward trend in plasma cotinine with the stronger cigarettes. These increases in cigarette constituents present in plasma, coupled with increasing correlation of heart rate and nicotine uptake, lead us to suggest that uptitration of smokers might cause them to establish new baseline levels. These findings have important health implications in light of recent suggestions to increase the nicotine yet decrease the tar of cigarettes in an attempt to overcome smoker compensation phenomena observed with low yield products.
让吸中等尼古丁释放量香烟的受试者随意吸食尼古丁释放量更高的香烟（尼古丁增加0.34毫克），为期两周。测定血浆尼古丁、可替宁、硫氰酸盐和血液中碳氧血红蛋白水平以及包括心率和血压在内的各种生理参数。当吸烟者首次吸食尼古丁释放量更高的香烟时，血浆尼古丁的增加与心率最直接相关（r = 0.85）；经过两周的适应期后相关性降低（r = 0.42），与他们常用的产品相关性较差（r = 0.23）。有趣的是，当尼古丁增量变化符合实际情况时，受试者不会通过减少每日吸烟量来补偿更高的尼古丁释放量。然而，对于尼古丁含量更高的香烟，他们的血浆尼古丁、硫氰酸盐水平更高，血浆可替宁呈上升趋势。血浆中这些香烟成分的增加，再加上心率与尼古丁摄取之间相关性的增强，使我们认为吸烟者尼古丁摄入量的增加可能会使他们建立新的基线水平。鉴于最近为克服低尼古丁释放量产品中观察到的吸烟者补偿现象而提出的增加尼古丁但减少焦油含量的建议，这些发现具有重要的健康意义。
