Starfield B, Shapiro S, McCormick M, Bross D
J Pediatr. 1982 Dec;101(6):978-83. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(82)80025-5.
This report is based on an analysis of the experience with all births in several urban and rural areas of the United States. All infants whose birth weight was in the lowest quartile for their week of gestation were designated as small for gestational age regardless of their birth weight or length of gestation; other infants were considered appropriate for gestation age. We interpret the data to indicate that appropriate-for-gestational age and small-for-gestational age infants, all of low birth weight, differ in the nature of their risk for adverse outcome as determined by an assessment at one year of age, although both are at approximately equal risk of adverse outcome overall. In each weight group, the total proportion of infants who either died before one year of age or were handicapped at one year of age was similar for small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age infants, but appropriate-for-gestational age infants were at greater risk of neonatal death and small-for-gestational age infants were at greater risk of problems manifested during the first year of life or at one year of age. As the findings are based on data obtained from entire populations (rather than from infants born in particular hospitals), they are likely to be generalizable.
本报告基于对美国若干城乡地区所有出生情况的经验分析。所有出生体重处于其孕周最低四分位数的婴儿，无论其出生体重或孕周长短，均被指定为小于胎龄儿；其他婴儿则被视为适于胎龄儿。我们对数据的解读表明，尽管总体不良结局风险大致相同，但小于胎龄儿和适于胎龄儿，所有低出生体重儿，在一岁时评估确定的不良结局风险性质上存在差异。在每个体重组中，小于胎龄儿和适于胎龄儿在一岁前死亡或一岁时有残疾的婴儿总比例相似，但适于胎龄儿新生儿死亡风险更高，小于胎龄儿在生命第一年或一岁时出现问题的风险更高。由于这些发现基于从整个人口中获得的数据（而非特定医院出生的婴儿），它们可能具有普遍性。
