Tolas A G, Pflug A E, Halter J B
J Am Dent Assoc. 1982 Jan;104(1):41-3. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1982.0114.
The effect of dental injection of local anesthetic on arterial plasma epinephrine concentrations and cardiovascular functions was assessed in patients having a maxillary third molar extracted. After three and five minutes, arterial plasma epinephrine concentrations were more than two times higher than baseline values in patients who were given an injection of a standard Carpule (1.8 ml) of 2% lidocaine with 1/100,000 epinephrine (18 micrograms). The heart rate and pressure-rate product increased slightly above baseline control values, and the mean arterial pressure declined slightly (P less than .05) after five minutes. Patients who received an injection of lidocaine alone had no significant change of plasma epinephrine or of the cardiovascular parameters measured. Although the hemodynamic responses to lidocaine plus epinephrine in these healthy young adults were small, the significant increase of systemic plasma epinephrine concentrations suggests that high-risk patients who receive this type of anesthesia should be monitored carefully.
对上颌第三磨牙拔除患者进行评估，以研究局部麻醉剂牙科注射对动脉血浆肾上腺素浓度及心血管功能的影响。在注射标准卡普乐（1.8毫升）含1/100,000肾上腺素（18微克）的2%利多卡因三分钟及五分钟后，接受该注射的患者动脉血浆肾上腺素浓度比基线值高出两倍多。五分钟后，心率及压力-心率乘积略高于基线对照值，平均动脉压略有下降（P<0.05）。单独注射利多卡因的患者血浆肾上腺素及所测心血管参数无显著变化。虽然这些健康年轻成年人对利多卡因加肾上腺素的血流动力学反应较小，但全身血浆肾上腺素浓度的显著升高表明，接受此类麻醉的高危患者应予以密切监测。
