Glaser J W, Blanton P L, Thrash W J
J Periodontol. 1982 Nov;53(11):700-3. doi: 10.1902/jop.1982.53.11.700.
Twenty-four periodontal patients volunteered for a study designed to investigate the incidence of venous sequelae with Injectable Valium administered by a standardized conscious sedation technique. Sedative doses were injected into veins on the dorsum of the hand utilizing a continuous infusion drip of 5% dextrose in water. Postoperative evaluation extended over 12 weeks. Ultrasonic tests for thrombosis were performed with a Doppler Flowmeter. Independent variables considered included age, vein size, volume of drug, volume of intravenous solution, pain upon injection and initial venous flow velocity. Sixteen subjects (66.67%) experienced some form of venous sequelae. Thirteen sequelae advanced to thrombophlebitis. Those subjects who demonstrated no complications had significantly higher initial venous flow than those with complications. Those subjects with resolution of complications demonstrated a significantly greater initial venous flow than those without resolution of complications. Clinical variables of pain on injection, vein diameter, dose of diazepam and volume of infusion solution did not significantly differ across groups. However, those subjects with no complications were significantly older than those with complications. It is recommended that the larger veins of the forearm and antecubital fossa, with greater mean velocities of venous flow, be preferred for intravenous diazepam administration to attempt to decrease the nature and incidence of thrombophlebitis.
24名牙周病患者自愿参与一项研究，该研究旨在调查采用标准化清醒镇静技术注射安定后静脉后遗症的发生率。通过手背静脉使用5%葡萄糖水溶液持续滴注的方式注入镇静剂量。术后评估持续12周。使用多普勒流量计进行血栓形成的超声检查。考虑的自变量包括年龄、静脉大小、药物体积、静脉溶液体积、注射时的疼痛以及初始静脉流速。16名受试者（66.67%）出现了某种形式的静脉后遗症。其中13例后遗症发展为血栓性静脉炎。那些未出现并发症的受试者初始静脉流速明显高于出现并发症的受试者。并发症得到缓解的受试者初始静脉流速明显高于并发症未得到缓解的受试者。注射时的疼痛、静脉直径、地西泮剂量和输注溶液体积等临床变量在各组之间无显著差异。然而，未出现并发症的受试者明显比出现并发症的受试者年龄大。建议优先选择前臂和肘前窝静脉较大、静脉平均流速较高的部位进行静脉注射地西泮，以试图降低血栓性静脉炎的性质和发生率。
