Absence of feeding-induced variations in plasma insulin in hypoglycaemic-ketonaemic cows.

The effects of food intake on plasma insulin levels were studied in 38 cows with plasma sugar ranging from 41 to 86 mg/100 ml and acetoacetate (Acac) ranging from 0.2 to 18 mg/100 ml, measured before morning feeding. The animals were fed concentrates, silage and hay. Blood samples were taken immediately before feeding in the morning and at intervals of % to 1 hr. during the following 4 hrs. In animals with low blood Acac, plasma insulin concentrations began to increase as early as 1/2 hr. after the start of feeding and reached maxima after 2 hrs. Simultaneously Acac increased and sugar decreased markedly. Animals with Acac levels > 1 mg/100 ml had low pre-feeding insulin concentrations, and the level of the hormone did not increase after feeding. They did not show systematic changes in Acac. But plasma sugar tended to decrease when food was given, even in the absence of insulin increments in peripheral blood. Glucose was infused at a low rate (0.9 g/min.) for 18 hrs. into a hypoglycaemic, ketonaemic cow. As her glucose and ketone levels became normalized, she also responded to feeding with insulin increments. But throughout the experiment her plasma insulin remained considerably lower than in an identically treated control animal which had low Acac levels before the infusion. It appears that the endocrine adjustments during ketonaemia in cows include, beside low basal (pre-feeding) insulin levels, an inhibition of the normally occurring elevation of plasma insulin after feeding.