Bjorvatn B, Gundersen S G
Scand J Infect Dis. 1980;12(4):257-64. doi: 10.3109/inf.1980.12.issue-4.04.
Based on the results of an inquiry among 296 Norwegian missionaries and Foreign Aid workers, we present some observations on the present rabies situation in several African countries, India and Bangladesh, Equador and Bolivia. Traditionally these countries receive a large proportion of our missionaries and Foreign Aid personnel. The incidence of rabies varies considerably in the areas covered by this investigation. When calculated for the mean length of stay (4 to 5 years) the average rating of physical exposure to proven or suspected rabies was 16% per household and 7% per individual household member. The risk of exposure was higher with children (10%) than adults (6%). the family dog equalled the stray dog as the source of suspected infection. Of the 48 persons who had been recommended post-exposure vaccination two thirds had only tended or been licked by the offending animal. However, in such animals the ratio of proven or highly probable rabies to non-proven or unknown diagnosis was 2:1. The rabies situation was considered as a minor factor of psychic stress by two thirds of the responding persons, even in highly epizootic countries. The results of this study may be of some value in the process of forming a policy for pre-exposure prophylaxis against rabies for people who are going to stay for a prolonged period of time in these areas of the world.
基于对296名挪威传教士和对外援助工作者的调查结果，我们对一些非洲国家、印度、孟加拉国、厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚目前的狂犬病情况进行了一些观察。传统上，这些国家接收了我们很大一部分传教士和对外援助人员。本次调查所涵盖地区的狂犬病发病率差异很大。按平均停留时间（4至5年）计算，接触确诊或疑似狂犬病的身体暴露平均发生率为每户16%，每户家庭成员为7%。儿童（10%）的暴露风险高于成人（6%）。家犬与流浪狗作为疑似感染源的情况相当。在被建议进行暴露后疫苗接种的48人中，三分之二只是照料过冒犯动物或被其舔过。然而，在这类动物中，确诊或高度疑似狂犬病与未确诊或诊断不明的比例为2:1。即使在狂犬病高度流行的国家，三分之二的受访者也认为狂犬病情况是心理压力的一个次要因素。这项研究的结果对于为将在世界这些地区长期停留的人群制定狂犬病暴露前预防政策的过程可能具有一定价值。
