Sokol R J
Can Med Assoc J. 1981 Jul 15;125(2):143-8.
Heavy alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy has long been suspected of being a risk factor for abnormalities in the fetus or infant. Only during the last decade have these assumptions been supported by scientific studies. A clustering of fetal defects observed in some cases has been labelled the fetal alcohol syndrome. The syndrome involves prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, central nervous system involvement and craniofacial abnormalities, some of which are characteristic of the syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome is relatively rare, affecting from 1 in 300 to 1 in 2000 infants; approximately 450 cases have been reported since the syndrome was identified. Despite this rarity, however, heavy alcohol consumption is an important risk factor during pregnancy. A review of the current literature indicates that in animals alcohol in high doses is embryotoxic and teratogenic, the heavy drinking is not uncommon before and during pregnancy and that the fetal alcohol syndrome and other effects on the fetus associated with alcohol abuse appear with significant frequency among mothers who drink heavily. Heavy alcohol consumption is a perinatal risk factor that not only can be detected by the physician, but also can be reduced in concerned, cooperative patients. Thus, awareness of this problem gives health care personnel an opportunity to help in the prevention of abnormal outcomes of pregnancy.
长期以来，人们一直怀疑母亲在怀孕期间大量饮酒是导致胎儿或婴儿出现异常的一个风险因素。直到最近十年，这些假设才得到科学研究的支持。在某些案例中观察到的一组胎儿缺陷被称为胎儿酒精综合征。该综合征包括产前和产后生长发育迟缓、中枢神经系统受累以及颅面部异常，其中一些是该综合征的特征性表现。胎儿酒精综合征相对罕见，每300至2000名婴儿中就有1例受影响；自该综合征被发现以来，大约已报告了450例病例。然而，尽管这种情况罕见，但怀孕期间大量饮酒仍是一个重要的风险因素。对当前文献的综述表明，在动物实验中，高剂量酒精具有胚胎毒性和致畸性，孕期及孕前大量饮酒的情况并不少见，而且在大量饮酒的母亲中，胎儿酒精综合征以及与酒精滥用相关的其他胎儿影响相当常见。大量饮酒是一种围产期风险因素，不仅医生能够检测到，而且对于关心此事且配合的患者来说，这种情况也是可以减少的。因此，对这个问题的认识使医护人员有机会帮助预防异常妊娠结局。
