Little R E, Streissguth A P
Can Med Assoc J. 1981 Jul 15;125(2):159-64.
In the spectrum of adverse effects on the fetus or infant associated with maternal drinking during pregnancy the most dramatic is the fetal alcohol syndrome, a pattern of malformation that has been associated with maternal alcohol abuse. Other undesirable outcomes of pregnancy linked to alcohol exposure in utero include growth deficiency, major and minor anomalies, decrements in mental and motor performance, and fetal and perinatal wastage. Alcohol, like other teratogens, does not uniformly affect all those exposed to it. Rather, there seems to be a continuum of effects of alcohol on the fetus with increasingly severe outcomes generally associated with higher intakes of alcohol by the mother. The cost of fetal damage associated with alcohol exposure is very high. A program to decrease the incidence of fetal alcohol effects is therefore imperative. The cornerstone of such a program must be not only education of the public but also careful training of all professionals who provide health care for pregnant women.
在孕期母亲饮酒对胎儿或婴儿产生的一系列不良影响中，最严重的是胎儿酒精综合征，这是一种与母亲酗酒有关的畸形模式。孕期与子宫内酒精暴露相关的其他不良后果包括生长发育迟缓、大小畸形、智力和运动能力下降以及胎儿和围产期死亡。酒精与其他致畸物一样，并不会对所有接触到它的人产生相同的影响。相反，酒精对胎儿的影响似乎是连续的，母亲饮酒量越高，通常与越严重的后果相关。与酒精暴露相关的胎儿损伤成本非常高。因此，开展一项降低胎儿酒精影响发生率的计划势在必行。这样一个计划的基石不仅必须是对公众的教育，还必须是对所有为孕妇提供医疗保健的专业人员进行认真培训。
