Sameroff A J, Seifer R, Elias P K
Child Dev. 1982 Feb;53(1):164-73.
The interaction between the temperament of children and their caretaking environment is thought to be an important factor in the etiology of childhood behavior deviance. Most recent research in infant temperament has used a maternal questionnaire. Scores from these questionnaires have been subject to low concurrent validity. Also, there have been indications that maternal characteristics such as anxiety level influence child temperament ratings. The present study examined mother characteristics, child behavior, and mother's temperament ratings when their babies were 4 months old. The social status, anxiety level, the mental health status of the mother were all related to temperament ratings on the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. However, child behavior measured in the home and laboratory were sporadically related to temperament, and these relations were of small magnitude. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that mother effects were powerful than child effects. These results supported the notion that individual differences in mothers, rather than differences in infants, may be the major contributor to early ratings of temperament.
儿童气质与其照料环境之间的相互作用被认为是儿童行为偏差病因中的一个重要因素。最近关于婴儿气质的研究大多使用了母亲问卷。这些问卷的得分同时效度较低。此外，有迹象表明，母亲的焦虑水平等特征会影响对孩子气质的评定。本研究考察了婴儿4个月大时母亲的特征、孩子的行为以及母亲对孩子气质的评定。母亲的社会地位、焦虑水平和心理健康状况均与《凯里婴儿气质问卷》中的气质评定相关。然而，在家中和实验室中测量的孩子行为与气质只是偶尔相关，且这些关系程度较小。分层多元回归分析表明，母亲的影响比孩子的影响更大。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即母亲的个体差异而非婴儿的差异可能是早期气质评定的主要因素。
