Jones B R, Barrett-Connor E, Criqui M H, Holdbrook M J
Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Jan;35(1):135-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/35.1.135.
Nutrient intake and alcohol consumption were studied in a 15% random sample of a predominantly white upper-middle class suburban community in Southern California. Based on 24-h dietary recall, 51% of the 691 men and women aged 30 to 90 yr in the study population had consumed an average of 30 g alcohol during the preceding 24 h. In general, alcohol-derived calories were added to the diet, and did not replace calories derived from other nutrients. Consequently, alcohol consumers had a significantly higher total caloric intake than did nondrinkers. Dietary differences were greatest in moderate drinkers, who tended to consume fewer nonalcohol-derived calories, and less of most specific nutrients. Although dietary differences in moderate drinkers were similar in men and women, statistically significant differences in women were limited to carbohydrate consumption. Moderate drinking men consumed significantly less protein, fat, carbohydrate, and cholesterol. These dietary differences suggest one mechanism whereby moderate alcohol consumption might reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Although alcohol intake resulted in an increase in total calories consumed, alcohol drinkers were not more obese than nondrinkers. Since similar proportions of drinkers and nondrinkers exercised regularly, these data may suggest that alcohol calories are not fully utilized.
在南加州一个以白人为主的中上层阶级郊区社区的15%随机样本中，对营养摄入和酒精消费情况进行了研究。根据24小时饮食回顾，研究人群中691名年龄在30至90岁的男性和女性中，有51%在之前24小时内平均摄入了30克酒精。一般来说，酒精提供的热量被添加到饮食中，并没有取代其他营养素提供的热量。因此，饮酒者的总热量摄入量显著高于不饮酒者。适度饮酒者的饮食差异最大，他们往往摄入较少的非酒精来源热量，以及较少的大多数特定营养素。尽管适度饮酒者的饮食差异在男性和女性中相似，但女性在统计学上的显著差异仅限于碳水化合物的消费。适度饮酒的男性摄入的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和胆固醇显著较少。这些饮食差异表明了适度饮酒可能降低冠心病风险的一种机制。尽管酒精摄入导致总热量消耗增加，但饮酒者并不比不饮酒者更肥胖。由于饮酒者和不饮酒者定期锻炼的比例相似，这些数据可能表明酒精热量没有得到充分利用。
