Freund K, Steiner B W, Chan S
Arch Sex Behav. 1982 Feb;11(1):49-63. doi: 10.1007/BF01541365.
A revision of the typology of male cross-gender identity was carried out by means of formalized, easily replicable methods. The results suggest (1) that there are two discrete types of cross-gender identity, one heterosexual, the other homosexual; (2) that transvestism, and closely related conditions of cross-gender identity, occur exclusively or almost exclusively in heterosexuals; (3) that of the two types of transsexualism distinguished in this study, type A is, in heterosexuals, very rare or completely nonexistent; (4) that (in the course of time) transvestites or borderline transsexuals (defined below) may develop sustained cross-gender identity, as observed by Stoller (1971); (5) that although, according to Hoenig and Kenna (1974), transsexualism by itself is not an anomalous erotic preference, it is (virtually) always either preceded by transvestism or accompanied by homosexuality or cross-gender fetishism.
通过形式化、易于复制的方法对男性跨性别身份的类型学进行了修订。结果表明：（1）存在两种不同类型的跨性别身份，一种是异性恋，另一种是同性恋；（2）异装癖以及与之密切相关的跨性别身份状况仅或几乎仅出现在异性恋者中；（3）在本研究区分的两种类型的易性癖中，A 型在异性恋者中非常罕见或完全不存在；（4）（随着时间推移）如斯托勒（1971 年）所观察到的，异装癖者或边缘性易性癖者（定义如下）可能会形成持续的跨性别身份；（5）尽管根据赫尼格和肯纳（1974 年）的说法，易性癖本身并非一种异常的性偏好，但它（实际上）几乎总是要么先于异装癖出现，要么伴有同性恋或跨性别恋物癖。
