Conture E G
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1982 Sep;3(3):163-9.
The purpose of this paper is to present clinical considerations regarding the speaking behavior, nature, and environment of young children who stutter. The speech of these children contains more within-word speech disfluencies (sound/syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, and within-word pauses) than that of their normally fluent peers. Although the physical, mental, social, psychological, and communicative nature of these children is not grossly different than that of unaffected children, some youngsters who stutter do exhibit subtle delays or deviancies in speech sound articulation, expressive language, and fine/gross motor coordination skills. The young stutterer's environment is as variable as that of the average child. Careful observation reveals subtle, and some not so subtle, parental attitudes which seem to foster the child's belief that speaking is a difficult task, requiring mental and physical effort, and that it must be produced precisely, quickly, and maturely. Information is provided to clinicians working with children between 2 and 6 years of age (the time period when stuttering usually begins) which should assist in objective identification of childhood stuttering, recognition of those symptoms which most strongly suggest referral, as well as an understanding of basic "facts" about this most complex of communication disorders.
本文旨在阐述有关口吃幼儿言语行为、本质及环境的临床考量。相较于正常流利的同龄人，这些儿童的言语中包含更多的词内言语不流畅现象（语音/音节重复、语音延长及词内停顿）。尽管这些儿童的身体、心理、社交、心理及沟通本质与未受影响的儿童并无显著差异，但一些口吃的儿童在语音清晰度、表达性语言以及精细/粗大运动协调技能方面确实表现出细微的延迟或偏差。口吃幼儿的环境与普通儿童的环境一样多变。仔细观察会发现，父母的态度存在微妙的，甚至有些并非那么微妙的情况，这些态度似乎会让孩子认为说话是一项艰巨的任务，需要精神和身体上的努力，而且必须准确、快速且成熟地说出。本文为从事2至6岁儿童工作的临床医生提供了相关信息（这是口吃通常开始的时间段），有助于客观识别儿童口吃，识别那些最强烈提示需要转诊的症状，以及理解这种最复杂的沟通障碍的基本“事实”。
