Sulik K K, Johnston M C
Scan Electron Microsc. 1982(Pt 1):309-22.
Scanning electron microscopic analyses illustrate how early deficiencies in the developing neural plate (brain) relate to the subsequent development of the face. A spectrum of abnormal faces associated with variable degrees of holoprosencephaly were induced in mice by acute maternal ethanol administration during gastrulation stages of embryonic development. At the mild end of this spectrum are craniofacial features comparable to those noted in severe forms of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Complex facial malformations including those observed in FAS can be traced to a defect in development which occurs at a time corresponding to the third week of human gestation. The primary teratogenic effects of maternal ethanol exposure at the cellular level of the embryo remain to be elucidated.
扫描电子显微镜分析表明，发育中的神经板（脑）早期缺陷如何与面部的后续发育相关。在胚胎发育的原肠胚形成阶段，通过给母鼠急性注射乙醇，在小鼠中诱导出一系列与不同程度的前脑无裂畸形相关的异常面部。在这个谱系的轻度端是与严重形式的胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）中所观察到的颅面特征相当的特征。包括在FAS中观察到的那些复杂面部畸形，可以追溯到在相当于人类妊娠第三周时发生的发育缺陷。母体乙醇暴露在胚胎细胞水平的主要致畸作用仍有待阐明。
