Updike S J, Shults M, Ekman B
Diabetes Care. 1982 May-Jun;5(3):207-12. doi: 10.2337/diacare.5.3.207.
An implantable glucose sensor is needed before a reliable artificial pancreas can be realized. The principles and current status of one such device, the glucose enzyme electrode, is presented and discussed. While monitoring glucose this enzyme sensor consumes enough oxygen to become oxygen-limited. This problem has been solved by developing hydrophobic membranes that are more permeable to oxygen than to glucose. Two types of membranes with this property made from (1) cross-linked albumin and (2) sebacyl chloride (nylon) are described. Placing these membranes over the glucose enzyme electrode solves the problem of oxygen limitation. Furthermore, the addition of this type of membrane increases the linear response range of the electrode to glucose to include the entire clinical range of interest (0-400 mg/dl). Other problems in developing an implantable glucose sensor are discussed. Competing strategies to achieve an implantable artificial pancreas without using electronic or mechanical components are presented and evaluated.
在实现可靠的人工胰腺之前，需要一种可植入的葡萄糖传感器。本文介绍并讨论了一种此类装置——葡萄糖酶电极的原理和当前状况。在监测葡萄糖时，这种酶传感器消耗的氧气足以使其受到氧气限制。通过开发对氧气的渗透性比对葡萄糖更高的疏水膜，这个问题已得到解决。描述了由（1）交联白蛋白和（2）癸二酰氯（尼龙）制成的具有这种特性的两种类型的膜。将这些膜置于葡萄糖酶电极上可解决氧气限制问题。此外，添加这种类型的膜会增加电极对葡萄糖的线性响应范围，使其涵盖整个临床关注范围（0 - 400mg/dl）。还讨论了开发可植入葡萄糖传感器时的其他问题。介绍并评估了在不使用电子或机械部件的情况下实现可植入人工胰腺的竞争策略。
