Dundee J W, Hassard T H, McGowan W A, Henshaw J
Anaesthesia. 1982 Dec;37(12):1176-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1982.tb01783.x.
Study of the minimal dose requirements for induction of anaesthesia poses great problems which are solved by the use of a standard administration technique and the abolition of the eyelash reflex as an endpoint. This has been used in 2206 consecutive unselected inductions, in which variables considered to be likely to influence the dosage were recorded. Milligram per kilogram is the most acceptable method of expressing the average dosage of thiopentone. Doses follow a right skew distribution. Women required a significantly lower average dose of thiopentone than men, while obese patients required less than others. Moderate or heavy drinking increased the induction dose but the use of tobacco did not have any influence. The most important factors governing dosage are the physical fitness of the patient and the premedication used. Patients in ASA grades 1 and 2 required significantly more thiopentone than those in grades 3 and 4. This effect is as great as that of premedication in which an opiate with a phenothiazine or hyoscine markedly reduced the induction dose. It was more important than the patient's pre-operative condition with respect to sedation or apprehension. Small doses of opiates or benzodiazepines do not have as much effect on dosage.
麻醉诱导所需最小剂量的研究存在诸多重大问题，通过采用标准给药技术并以睫毛反射消失作为终点得以解决。这一方法已应用于连续2206例未经挑选的麻醉诱导中，记录了被认为可能影响剂量的各种变量。毫克每千克是表示硫喷妥钠平均剂量最可接受的方法。剂量呈右偏态分布。女性所需硫喷妥钠的平均剂量显著低于男性，而肥胖患者所需剂量比其他患者少。中度或重度饮酒会增加诱导剂量，但吸烟则无任何影响。决定剂量的最重要因素是患者的身体状况和所用的术前用药。美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）1级和2级的患者比3级和4级的患者需要显著更多的硫喷妥钠。这种影响与术前用药的影响一样大，其中使用阿片类药物与吩噻嗪类或东莨菪碱显著降低诱导剂量。就镇静或焦虑而言，它比患者的术前状况更重要。小剂量的阿片类药物或苯二氮䓬类药物对剂量的影响不大。
