Kneale G W, Mancuso T F, Stewart A M
Br J Ind Med. 1981 May;38(2):156-66. doi: 10.1136/oem.38.2.156.
This paper reports on results from the study initiated by Mancuso into the health risks from low-level radiation in workers engaged in plutonium manufacture at Hanford Works, Washington State, USA, and attempts to answer criticisms of previous reports by an in-depth study. Previous reports have aroused much controversy because the reported risk per unit radiation dose for cancers of radiosensitive tissues was much greater than the risk generally accepted on the basis of other studies and widely used in setting safety levels for exposure to low-level radiation. The method of regression models in life-tables isolates the effect of radiation after statistically controlling for a wide range of possible interfering factors. Like the risk of lung cancer for uranium miners the dose-response relation showed a significant downward curve at about 10 rem. There may, therefore, be better agreement with other studies, conduct at higher doses, than is widely assumed. The findings on cancer latency (of about 25 years) and the effect of exposure age (increasing age increases the risk) are in general agreement with other studies. An unexplained finding is a significantly higher dose for all workers who developed cancers in tissues that are supposed to have low sensitivity to cancer induction by radiation.
本文报告了曼库索发起的一项关于美国华盛顿州汉福德工厂从事钚制造工作的工人低水平辐射健康风险研究的结果，并试图通过深入研究回应此前报告所遭受的批评。此前的报告引发了诸多争议，因为报告中对辐射敏感组织癌症的单位辐射剂量风险远高于基于其他研究普遍接受且广泛用于设定低水平辐射暴露安全标准的风险。生命表中的回归模型方法在对一系列可能的干扰因素进行统计控制后，分离出了辐射的影响。与铀矿工人患肺癌的风险一样，剂量反应关系在约10雷姆处呈现出显著的下降曲线。因此，与其他在更高剂量下进行的研究相比，可能存在更好的一致性，而非如普遍认为的那样。关于癌症潜伏期（约25年）以及暴露年龄影响（年龄增加风险上升）的研究结果总体上与其他研究一致。一个无法解释的发现是，所有在本应被认为对辐射诱发癌症低敏感的组织中患癌的工人，其剂量显著更高。
