Vitale J J, Broitman S A
Cancer Res. 1981 Sep;41(9 Pt 2):3706-10.
There is in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest that dietary lipids play a role in modulating immune function. A review of the current literature on the interrelationships among dietary lipids, blood cholesterol levels, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis makes for a very strong argument that (a) immunosuppression may be causally related to lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as to tumorigenesis and (b) diets high in polyunsaturated fat, relative to diets high in saturated fat, are more immunosuppressive and are better promotors of tumorigenesis. The effects of dietary fat on immune function seem to be mediated though its component parts, the unsaturated fatty acids, specially linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic. It is not clear how these components affect immune function. Several studies suggest that one effect is mediated by altering the lipid component of the cell membrane and thus its fluidity; the more fluid the membrane, the less responsive it is. Thus, fluidity of both immune cells and those to be destroyed or protected may be affected. The effects of saturated as well as unsaturated fatty acids may be mediated by modulating serum lipoprotein levels, prostaglandin metabolism, and cholesterol concentrations and metabolism.
体外和体内证据均表明，膳食脂质在调节免疫功能方面发挥作用。对当前有关膳食脂质、血液胆固醇水平、免疫抑制和肿瘤发生之间相互关系的文献综述有力地证明：（a）免疫抑制可能与淋巴增生性疾病以及肿瘤发生存在因果关系；（b）相对于富含饱和脂肪的饮食，富含多不饱和脂肪的饮食更具免疫抑制作用，且更能促进肿瘤发生。膳食脂肪对免疫功能的影响似乎是通过其组成部分，即不饱和脂肪酸，特别是亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生四烯酸介导的。目前尚不清楚这些成分如何影响免疫功能。多项研究表明，一种作用是通过改变细胞膜的脂质成分从而改变其流动性来介导的；细胞膜流动性越大，其反应性越低。因此，免疫细胞以及那些要被破坏或保护的细胞的流动性可能都会受到影响。饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的作用可能是通过调节血清脂蛋白水平、前列腺素代谢以及胆固醇浓度和代谢来介导的。
