Wade C E, Dressendorfer R H, O'Brien J C, Claybaugh J R
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Apr;50(4):709-12. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.709.
Renal and endocrine responses were studied in 10 male runners during a 20-day 500-km race. Overnight urine and prerun blood samples were taken prior to running on days 1, 2, 5, 8, 14, 17, and 20. Day 13 followed 70 h of rest. Urine flow rate, osmotic clearance, tubular free water reabsorption, urinary vasopressin excretion rate, and body weight were not significantly changed. Creatinine clearance was constant except for an elevation on day 5. Plasma osmolality was elevated on days 2, 14, and 17. Plasma sodium was increased (P less than 0.05) on days 2 and 13 but reduced on day 20. The percentage of filtered sodium excreted was significantly reduced on all nights following running and elevated on recovery day 13. Urinary aldosterone excretion rate was significantly elevated 162, 117, and 97% on days 5, 8, and 20 and returned to control levels on day 13 after 70 h of rest. These data suggest that in response to repeated long-distance running normal fluid balance is regained within 12 h. However, it is necessary to conserve sodium for at least 24 h after exercise as evidenced by the decrease in the percent filtered sodium excreted and continued elevation of aldosterone excretion.
在一场为期20天、赛程500公里的比赛中，对10名男性跑步运动员的肾脏和内分泌反应进行了研究。在第1、2、5、8、14、17和20天跑步前采集过夜尿液和跑步前的血液样本。第13天是在休息70小时之后。尿流率、渗透清除率、肾小管自由水重吸收、尿血管加压素排泄率和体重均无显著变化。除第5天有所升高外，肌酐清除率保持恒定。在第2、14和17天，血浆渗透压升高。在第2天和第13天，血浆钠升高（P<0.05），但在第20天降低。跑步后的所有夜晚，滤过钠排泄百分比均显著降低，在恢复日第13天升高。在第5、8和20天，尿醛固酮排泄率显著升高162%、117%和97%，在休息70小时后的第13天恢复到对照水平。这些数据表明，反复进行长跑后，12小时内可恢复正常的液体平衡。然而，运动后至少24小时有必要保留钠，滤过钠排泄百分比的降低和醛固酮排泄的持续升高证明了这一点。
