Institute of Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Sep 1;9(1):40. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-40.
An association between fluid intake and limb swelling has been described for 100-km ultra-marathoners. We investigated a potential development of peripheral oedemata in Ironman triathletes competing over 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.2 km running.
In 15 male Ironman triathletes, fluid intake, changes in body mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, limb volumes and skinfold thickness were measured. Changes in renal function, parameters of skeletal muscle damage, hematologic parameters and osmolality in both serum and urine were determined. Skinfold thicknesses at hands and feet were measured using LIPOMETER® and changes of limb volumes were measured using plethysmography.
The athletes consumed a total of 8.6 ± 4.4 L of fluids, equal to 0.79 ± 0.43 L/h. Body mass, skeletal muscle mass and the volume of the lower leg decreased (p <0.05), fat mass, skinfold thicknesses and the volume of the arm remained unchanged (p >0.05). The decrease in skeletal muscle mass was associated with the decrease in body mass (p <0.05). The decrease in the lower leg volume was unrelated to fluid intake (p >0.05). Haemoglobin, haematocrit and serum sodium remained unchanged (p >0.05). Osmolality in serum and urine increased (p <0.05). The change in body mass was related to post-race serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) (r = -0.52, p <0.05) and post-race serum osmolality (r = -0.60, p <0.05).
In these Ironman triathletes, ad libitum fluid intake maintained plasma [Na+] and plasma osmolality and led to no peripheral oedemata. The volume of the lower leg decreased and the decrease was unrelated to fluid intake. Future studies may investigate ultra-triathletes competing in a Triple Iron triathlon over 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126.6 km running to find an association between fluid intake and the development of peripheral oedemata.
已有研究表明，100 公里超级马拉松运动员的液体摄入量与四肢肿胀之间存在关联。本研究旨在调查在进行 3.8 公里游泳、180 公里自行车和 42.2 公里跑步的铁人三项运动员中，是否会出现外周水肿。
本研究纳入 15 名男性铁人三项运动员，测量他们的液体摄入量、体重变化、体脂量、骨骼肌量、肢体体积和皮褶厚度。同时检测肾功能、骨骼肌损伤参数、血液学参数以及血清和尿液渗透压的变化。使用 LIPOMETER®测量手和脚的皮褶厚度，使用体积描记法测量肢体体积的变化。
运动员共摄入 8.6±4.4L 液体，相当于 0.79±0.43L/h。体重、骨骼肌量和小腿体积减少（p<0.05），体脂量、皮褶厚度和手臂体积保持不变（p>0.05）。骨骼肌量的减少与体重的减少有关（p<0.05）。小腿体积的减少与液体摄入无关（p>0.05）。血红蛋白、血细胞比容和血清钠保持不变（p>0.05）。血清和尿液渗透压增加（p<0.05）。体重的变化与赛后血清钠浓度（[Na+]）（r=-0.52，p<0.05）和赛后血清渗透压（r=-0.60，p<0.05）有关。
在这些铁人三项运动员中，随意液体摄入维持了血浆[Na+]和血浆渗透压，没有导致外周水肿。小腿体积减少，与液体摄入无关。未来的研究可能会调查参加超级铁人三项（11.4 公里游泳、540 公里自行车和 126.6 公里跑步）的超铁人三项运动员，以发现液体摄入与外周水肿发展之间的关系。
