Franklin C A, Fenske R A, Greenhalgh R, Mathieu L, Denley H V, Leffingwell J T, Spear R C
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 May;7(5):715-31. doi: 10.1080/15287398109530014.
Exposure to and absorption of Guthion 50 W.P. (azinphos-methyl) were estimated in orchardists from the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia who were involved in mixing, loading, and application with ultra-low volume air blast equipment. Air monitoring and patch techniques were used to estimate exposure, and alkyl phosphate excretion and cholinesterase inhibition were measured to estimate absorption. All workers were issued with standardized cotton shirts, trousers, and long-sleeved coveralls. All wore half-face respirators, gloves, boots, and hats. Eight wore rubberized protective clothing in addition. The indirect method of measuring urinary metabolites appeared to be the most sensitive. All workers had quantifiable levels of alkyl phosphates following exposure, and 24-h urine samples provided a more reliable estimate than first morning voids. A high correlation was observed between 48-h alkyl phosphate excretion and amount of active ingredient sprayed. A fluorescent tracer was added to the tank along with the Guthion. The finding of Guthion on patches beneath the clothing was confirmed by the presence of the tracer on the skin. With the ultralow-volume application used in this study, the rubberized clothing did not appear to be significantly more protective than the heavy coverall. There was no significant depression of either red blood cell or serum cholinesterase activity in any workers.
对不列颠哥伦比亚省奥肯那根山谷参与使用超低量鼓风设备进行混合、装填和喷洒谷硫磷50%可湿性粉剂（谷硫磷，即甲基谷硫磷）的果农接触和吸收该药剂的情况进行了评估。采用空气监测和贴片技术评估接触情况，通过测量烷基磷酸酯排泄量和胆碱酯酶抑制情况来评估吸收情况。所有工人均发放了标准的棉质衬衫、裤子和长袖工作服。所有人都佩戴了半面罩呼吸器、手套、靴子和帽子。此外，有8人还穿着涂胶防护服。测量尿中代谢物的间接方法似乎最为灵敏。所有工人在接触后烷基磷酸酯水平均可量化，与晨尿相比，24小时尿样提供了更可靠的评估。在48小时烷基磷酸酯排泄量与喷洒的活性成分量之间观察到高度相关性。在罐中与谷硫磷一起添加了一种荧光示踪剂。衣物下贴片上发现谷硫磷，这通过皮肤上示踪剂的存在得到了证实。在本研究使用的超低量喷洒中，涂胶防护服似乎并不比厚重工作服具有明显更强的防护作用。任何工人的红细胞或血清胆碱酯酶活性均未出现显著降低。
