Malkinson T J, Martin S, Simper P, Cooper K E
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1981 Aug;59(8):843-6. doi: 10.1139/y81-125.
Expired air volumes were measured from a random population of adult male and female human volunteers before and during short-term immersion in either cold (13.53 +/- 0.13 degrees C) or warm (33.18 +/- 0.11 degrees C) water. A statistically significant difference was found in the pulmonary ventilation over the first 4 min of immersion between males and females when immersed in cold water. The swim suits worn could not account for the differences observed. No statistically significant difference in pulmonary ventilation was found between males and females during warm water immersion. A numerically smaller group of volunteers was preheated in a sauna before immersion in cold or warm water and this resulted in an attenuated ventilatory response. In this instance there is no statistically significant difference in ventilation between males and females. Also, in another small group of volunteers, surface and deep skin temperatures were continuously measured before and during immersion in cold water. The rates of change of deep skin temperature between males and females were found to be similar.
在短期浸入冷水（13.53±0.13摄氏度）或温水（33.18±0.11摄氏度）之前及期间，对成年男性和女性人类志愿者的随机群体测量呼出气体量。当浸入冷水中时，发现在浸入的前4分钟内，男性和女性的肺通气存在统计学上的显著差异。所穿泳衣无法解释观察到的差异。在温水浸泡期间，男性和女性之间未发现肺通气有统计学上的显著差异。一小部分数量较少的志愿者在浸入冷水或温水之前在桑拿房进行预热，这导致通气反应减弱。在这种情况下，男性和女性之间的通气没有统计学上的显著差异。此外，在另一小部分志愿者中，在浸入冷水之前及期间连续测量体表和深部皮肤温度。发现男性和女性之间深部皮肤温度的变化率相似。
