Duffin J, Miller R, Romet T T, Chant R W, Ackles K, Goode R C
Respir Physiol. 1975 Apr;23(3):301-10. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(75)90080-8.
Cold water is known to facilitate the drowning process. To gather information on the possible relationship between ventilation and cold stimuli, measurements of inspired and expired breath by breath ventilation and alveolar PCO2 were made on 8 male subjects suddenly immersed in both cold (11 degrees C) and warm water (28 degrees C). The mean ventilation for all subjects for the 1st three breaths following cold water immersion was 94.5, 71.3 and 94.6 L/min (BTPS) as compared to 60.0, 36.2 and 38.5 L/min (BTPS) for warm water immersion. Alveolar CO2 fell dramatically in cold water from a pre-immersion mean value of 36.4 torr to 23.9 torr, whereas there was only a change associated with the first few breaths following immersion in warm water. In prolonged cold exposure, ventilation was still markedly above that observed in warm water after 5 min. There was no relationship between skin fold thickness and ventilatory response over the period studied. A large increase in ventilations is likely to result in inefficient swim stroke mechanics. This, combined with a high probability of inspiration of water, may contribute to death as a consequence of cold water exposure.
众所周知，冷水会加速溺水过程。为了收集有关通气与冷刺激之间可能关系的信息，对8名男性受试者进行了测量，他们突然浸入冷水（11摄氏度）和温水中（28摄氏度），通过呼吸通气测量吸气和呼气，并测量肺泡二氧化碳分压。冷水浸泡后，所有受试者前三口气的平均通气量分别为94.5、71.3和94.6升/分钟（体温、气压、饱和水蒸气），而温水浸泡时分别为60.0、36.2和38.5升/分钟（体温、气压、饱和水蒸气）。冷水浸泡时，肺泡二氧化碳分压从浸泡前的平均值36.4托急剧降至23.9托，而温水浸泡后仅在最初几次呼吸时有变化。在长时间冷暴露中，5分钟后通气量仍明显高于温水浸泡时观察到的水平。在所研究的时间段内，皮肤褶皱厚度与通气反应之间没有关系。通气量大幅增加可能会导致游泳划水动作效率低下。这与吸入水的高可能性相结合，可能会导致因冷水暴露而死亡。
