Benz R, Zimmermann U
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Apr 24;597(3):637-42. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90236-9.
Charge-pulse experiments were performed on artificial lipid bilayer membranes with charging times in the range between 10 ns and 10 mus. If the membranes are charged to voltages in the order of 100 mV, the membrane voltage at the end of the charge pulse is a linear function of the injected charge. However, if the membranes are charged to voltages in the range of 1V, this relationship no longer holds and a reversible high conductance state occurs. This state is defined as an electrical breakdown and it does not allow the membranes to charge to higher voltages than the breakdown voltage, Vc. Between charging times of 300 ns and 5 mus at 25 degrees C and between 100 ns and 2 mus at 40 degrees C, Vc showed a strong dependence on the charging time of the membrane and decreased from 1.2 to 0.5 V (25 degrees C) and from 1 to 0.4 V (40 degrees C). For other charging times below and above these ranges, the breakdown voltage seemed to be constant. The results indicate that the breakdown phenomenon occurs in less than 10 ns. The pulse-length dependence of the breakdown voltage is consistent with the interpretation of the electrical breakdown mechanism in terms of the electromechanical model. However, it seems possible that below a charging time of the membrane of 300 ns (25 degrees C) and 100 ns (40 degrees C) other processes (such as the Born energy) become possible.
在人工脂质双分子层膜上进行了充电脉冲实验，充电时间范围在10纳秒至10微秒之间。如果将膜充电至100毫伏左右的电压，充电脉冲结束时的膜电压是注入电荷的线性函数。然而，如果将膜充电至1伏范围内的电压，这种关系就不再成立，会出现可逆的高电导状态。这种状态被定义为电击穿，它不允许膜充电至高于击穿电压Vc的更高电压。在25摄氏度下充电时间为300纳秒至5微秒之间以及在40摄氏度下充电时间为100纳秒至2微秒之间时，Vc对膜的充电时间表现出强烈依赖性，且从1.2伏降至0.5伏（25摄氏度）以及从1伏降至0.4伏（40摄氏度）。对于这些范围之外的其他充电时间，击穿电压似乎是恒定的。结果表明，击穿现象在不到10纳秒内发生。击穿电压的脉冲长度依赖性与根据机电模型对电击穿机制的解释一致。然而，在膜的充电时间低于300纳秒（25摄氏度）和100纳秒（40摄氏度）时，似乎有可能出现其他过程（如玻恩能量）。
