Dadd R H
J Nutr. 1980 Jun;110(6):1152-60. doi: 10.1093/jn/110.6.1152.
Newly-hatched larvae of Culex pipiens grow well to adults in a chemically defined dietary medium containing cholesterol as the only lipid, but the adults cannot fly. Arachidonic acid (0.2 mg/100 ml medium) was previously shown to induce emergency from pupae of strong, flying adults, whereas linoleic and linolenic acids, which satisfy the essential fatty acid requirement of other insects, were inadequate. The effect of replacing arachidonic acid by other fatty acids is examined here. Saturated or monoenoic acids failed entirely to induce flight. Several polyunsaturated fatty acids, of both the omega 6 and omega 3 families, containing three double bonds in divinyl methane arrangement spanning carbons 6 to 13 from the methyl termination allowed the emergence of flying adults; besides arachidonic acid, these were gamma-linolenic (C18:3, delta 6,9, 1,2), homo-gamma-linolenic (C20:3, delta 8,11,14), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5, delta 5,8,11,14,17) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6, delta 4,7,10,13,16,19) acids. Certain other polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and linolenic acids, failed to support flight but allowed many adults to stand or hop on the medium surface. These findings are discussed in relation to essential fatty acid requirements of other insects and vertebrates.
致倦库蚊新孵化的幼虫在一种化学成分明确的饮食培养基中能很好地生长至成虫，该培养基以胆固醇作为唯一的脂质，但成虫无法飞行。此前研究表明，花生四烯酸（0.2毫克/100毫升培养基）可诱导强壮的能飞行的成虫从蛹中羽化，而满足其他昆虫必需脂肪酸需求的亚油酸和亚麻酸则无法做到。本文研究了用其他脂肪酸替代花生四烯酸的效果。饱和脂肪酸或单不饱和脂肪酸完全无法诱导飞行。ω-6和ω-3家族的几种多不饱和脂肪酸，在从甲基端起跨越碳6至13的二乙烯基甲烷排列中含有三个双键，能使能飞行的成虫羽化；除花生四烯酸外，这些脂肪酸还有γ-亚麻酸（C18:3，δ6,9,1,2）、同型γ-亚麻酸（C20:3，δ8,11,14）、二十碳五烯酸（C20:5，δ5,8,11,14,17）和二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6，δ4,7,10,13,16,19）。某些其他多不饱和脂肪酸，包括亚油酸和亚麻酸，虽无法支持飞行，但能让许多成虫在培养基表面站立或跳跃。本文结合其他昆虫和脊椎动物的必需脂肪酸需求对这些发现进行了讨论。
