Land C E
Cancer. 1980 Aug 15;46(4 Suppl):868-73. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19800815)46:4+<868::aid-cncr2820461304>3.0.co;2-s.
It is likely that the breast is the organ most sensitive to radiation carcinogenesis in postpubertal women. Studies of different exposed populations have yielded remarkably consistent results, in spite of wide differences in underlying breast cancer rates and conditions of exposure. Excess risk is approximately proportional to dose, and is relatively independent of ionization density and fractionization of dose. This implies that the risk associated with low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation can be estimated with some confidence from higher-dose data. Excess risk is heavily dependent on age at exposure but relatively independent of population differences in normal risk. The temporal patterns after exposure of both radiation-induced and naturally occurring breast cancer are similar, suggesting a strong influence of factors other than radiation on radiation-induced breast cancer. Uncertainties remain about risks from exposures before puberty and after menopause.
青春期后女性的乳房很可能是对辐射致癌作用最敏感的器官。对不同受照射人群的研究得出了非常一致的结果，尽管潜在的乳腺癌发病率和照射条件存在很大差异。超额风险大致与剂量成正比，并且相对独立于电离密度和剂量分割。这意味着可以根据高剂量数据较为可靠地估计低剂量电离辐射暴露所带来的风险。超额风险在很大程度上取决于暴露时的年龄，但相对独立于正常风险的人群差异。辐射诱发的乳腺癌和自然发生的乳腺癌在暴露后的时间模式相似，这表明除辐射外的其他因素对辐射诱发的乳腺癌有很大影响。青春期前和绝经后暴露的风险仍存在不确定性。
