Sherer M, Rogers R W
J Clin Psychol. 1980 Jul;36(3):696-700. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198007)36:3<696::aid-jclp2270360315>3.0.co;2-9.
A therapist's nonverbal behavior may communicate emotion and feelings toward a client. Thus, skilled utilization of appropriate nonverbal cues should facilitate many nonbehavioral therapies. A 2 X 2 X 2 factorial experiment investigated the therapy-facilitating effects of three theoretical dimensions of nonverbal communication: Immediacy, potency or status, and responsivity. A reenacted client-centered therapy session was videotaped. Verbal content was held constant, but all combinations of the three nonverbal dimensions were portrayed. A total of 118 male and female nonparticipant observers rated the therapist's interpersonal skills (empathy, warmth, and genuineness) and effectiveness. The results disclosed that the nonverbal cues of immediacy (close therapist-client distance and eye contact) significantly improved ratings of the therapist's interpersonal skills and effectiveness. Thus, the study demonstrated that a therapist's nonverbal behavior is a basis for interpretations of empathy, warmth, genuiness, and effectiveness. These findings were interpreted in terms of the therapist's nonverbal cues communicating liking and acceptance of the client.
治疗师的非言语行为可能传达其对来访者的情感。因此，熟练运用恰当的非言语线索应有助于多种非行为疗法。一项2×2×2析因实验研究了非言语沟通的三个理论维度对治疗的促进作用：即时性、影响力或地位以及反应性。一场重现的来访者中心疗法治疗过程被录像。言语内容保持不变，但展现了这三个非言语维度的所有组合。总共118名男女非参与观察者对治疗师的人际技能（同理心、温暖和真诚）及有效性进行了评分。结果显示，即时性的非言语线索（治疗师与来访者的近距离及眼神接触）显著提高了对治疗师人际技能和有效性的评分。因此，该研究表明治疗师的非言语行为是对同理心、温暖、真诚和有效性进行解读的基础。这些发现被解释为治疗师的非言语线索传达了对来访者的喜爱和接纳。
