Trefný J, Trnka L
Czech Med. 1980;3(2):97-101.
The medical specialization of "phtisiology" was extended to the specialization of "tuberculosis and respiratory diseases" (corresponding to the demonination of "pneumology and phtisiology") in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1966. This branch is an additional specialization of the basic internal medicine. It provides preventive as well curative care for population of all age groups, as far as tuberculosis and increased risk of tuberculosis are concerned. This medical branch covers persons with non-tuberculous diseases of the respiratory system aged 18 years and over, especially cases having tendency to deterioration, those with complicated course or functional disorders. Comparison of statistical data on activities of phtisiologic institutions in 1965 and institutions for tuberculosis and respiratory diseases in 1978 (see table 1) reveal the following information: --BCG vaccination of newborns exceeded in both years 98%. --Utilization of radiophotography for screening of selected groups with increased risk of tuberculosis or malignant respiratory tumours or for examination of patients with symptoms has been increasing. --Number of beds decreased by 35%, but at the same time the number of cases hospitalized increased by 36%. The average duration of treatment of tuberculous patients was shortened and proportion of persons hospitalized for non-tuberculous respiratory diseases increased.
“痨病学”这一医学专业在1966年的捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国扩展为“结核病与呼吸系统疾病”专业（对应于“肺病学与痨病学”这一名称）。该分支是基础内科学的一个附加专业。就结核病及结核病患病风险增加而言，它为所有年龄段的人群提供预防和治疗护理。这个医学分支涵盖18岁及以上患有呼吸系统非结核疾病的人群，尤其是那些有病情恶化倾向、病程复杂或有功能障碍的病例。对1965年痨病学机构和1978年结核病与呼吸系统疾病机构的活动统计数据进行比较（见表1）可得出以下信息：——两年中新生儿卡介苗接种率均超过98%。——利用放射摄影对结核病或恶性呼吸道肿瘤患病风险增加的特定人群进行筛查或对有症状患者进行检查的情况一直在增加。——病床数量减少了35%，但与此同时住院病例数增加了36%。结核病患者的平均治疗时长缩短，因非结核性呼吸道疾病住院的人数比例增加。
