Ileal ureter: current status.

Use of the ileum as a substitute for the ureter should be taken into consideration when urinary tract continuity cannot be restored by using urinary tract tissue. Another important indication for this procedure is recurrent renal calculi, to permit the free passage of stones. It is essential to reserve this operation for those patients whose renal function is relatively adequate. Chronic renal insufficiency with a serum creatinine level above 2.0--2.2 mg% is a contraindication for the operation. Another prerequisite for the operation is that the patient is able to empty his bladder; otherwise deterioration of renal kidney function may occur. The present article gives a review on the ileal ureter, with emphasis on the indications and operative technique.