Beevers D G, Cruickshank J K, Yeoman W B, Carter G F, Goldberg A, Moore M R
J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1980 Sep;4(2-3):251-60.
An epidemiological study amongst hypertensives and normotensives in Renfrew, Scotland, where drinking water hardness is very low (5 p.p.m.) and water-lead levels are commonly high, has shown a significant association between high blood-lead levels and high blood pressure. No association was found with indices of renal function, plasma renin or angiotensin II concentrations or serum uric acid levels. In a parallel study of blood-lead levels in Birmingham, England, where water hardness is low (20 p.p.m.) but water-lead levels are also low, high blood-lead levels were not found, no relationship was found with blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension was lower than in Renfrew. We conclude that sub-clinic lead exposure from drinking water may be a factor in the development of hypertension. A study of blood-cadmium levels has shown no association between high blood pressure and sub-clinical cadmium exposure, but confirmed a close relation between blood-cadmium and cigarette smoking. We conclude that previous reports of a cadmium-blood pressure link may be confounded by failure to allow for the cigarette smoking habits of the subjects studied.
在苏格兰伦弗鲁对高血压患者和血压正常者进行的一项流行病学研究中，当地饮用水硬度极低（5 ppm）且水中铅含量普遍较高，研究表明高血铅水平与高血压之间存在显著关联。未发现与肾功能指标、血浆肾素或血管紧张素II浓度或血清尿酸水平存在关联。在英国伯明翰进行的一项关于血铅水平的平行研究中，当地水硬度较低（20 ppm）但水中铅含量也低，未发现高血铅水平，未发现与血压存在关系，且高血压患病率低于伦弗鲁。我们得出结论，饮用水中的亚临床铅暴露可能是高血压发病的一个因素。一项关于血镉水平的研究表明，高血压与亚临床镉暴露之间无关联，但证实血镉与吸烟之间存在密切关系。我们得出结论，先前关于镉与血压关联的报告可能因未考虑所研究对象的吸烟习惯而产生混淆。
