Heistad D D, Baumbach G L, Faraci F M, Armstrong M L
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Jun;9(6):449-53.
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are associated with structural and functional changes that may be collectively described as a 'sick vessel syndrome'. Structural changes in blood vessels (remodelling and hypertrophy) may be protective and adaptive. Functional changes in blood vessels include impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation and impaired relaxation in response to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. In general, vasorelaxation in response to direct activation of adenylate and guanylate cyclase is preserved in chronic hypertension and atherosclerosis. Vasoconstrictor responses to selected stimuli, such as serotonin, may be greatly potentiated. Impairment of endothelial function in combination with exaggeration of vasoconstrictor responses may predispose to vasospasm particularly during atherosclerosis.
高血压和动脉粥样硬化与结构和功能变化相关，这些变化可统称为“病态血管综合征”。血管的结构变化（重塑和肥大）可能具有保护和适应性。血管的功能变化包括内皮依赖性舒张功能受损以及对ATP敏感性钾通道激活的舒张反应受损。一般来说，在慢性高血压和动脉粥样硬化中，对腺苷酸环化酶和鸟苷酸环化酶直接激活的血管舒张功能得以保留。对某些刺激（如血清素）的血管收缩反应可能会大大增强。内皮功能受损与血管收缩反应增强相结合，可能会引发血管痉挛，尤其是在动脉粥样硬化期间。
