Krízek M, Kalac P, Peterka J
University of South Bohemia, Dept. of Chemistry, Ceské Budĕjovice, CSFR.
Arch Tierernahr. 1993;45(2):131-7. doi: 10.1080/17450399309386094.
Concentrations of putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD), spermine (SPM), histamine (HIS) and tyramine (TYR) in 53 grass silages and 54 maize silages were determined using an HPLC method. Concentrations of all amines excluding SPD in grass silages decreased significantly with increasing dry matter (DM) contents and decreasing acetic acid concentrations. The mean concentrations were 1310, 642, 414, 139, 120 and 33.6 mg/kg for TYR, CAD, PUT, SPM, HIS and SPD respectively in grass silages of 20-30% DM. The maximal values found were twice to five times higher than the mean values. The effect of increasing DM on the amines concentrations was not evident in maize silages. The mean concentrations, regardless of the DM content, were surprisingly high: 435, 388, 341, 71.7, 25.1 and 5.4 mg/kg for TYR, PUT, CAD, HIS, SPD and SPM. The maximal values in maize silages were three times to ten times higher than the mean values. Considering that maize silage forms the great proportion of the diets of cattle during long-term winter feeding, further toxicological and physiological research should be carried out.
采用高效液相色谱法测定了53份青贮牧草和54份青贮玉米中腐胺（PUT）、尸胺（CAD）、亚精胺（SPD）、精胺（SPM）、组胺（HIS）和酪胺（TYR）的含量。随着青贮牧草干物质（DM）含量增加和乙酸浓度降低，除SPD外所有胺类的含量均显著下降。在DM含量为20%-30%的青贮牧草中，TYR、CAD、PUT、SPM、HIS和SPD的平均含量分别为1310、642、414、139、120和33.6 mg/kg。所发现的最大值比平均值高出两倍到五倍。DM增加对青贮玉米中胺类含量的影响不明显。无论DM含量如何，平均含量都高得出奇：TYR、PUT、CAD、HIS、SPD和SPM分别为435、388、341、71.7、25.1和5.4 mg/kg。青贮玉米中的最大值比平均值高出三倍到十倍。鉴于青贮玉米在冬季长期饲养期间占牛日粮的很大比例，应进一步开展毒理学和生理学研究。
