Krízek M
University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Chemistry, Ceské Budĕjovice, CSFR.
Arch Tierernahr. 1993;43(2):169-77. doi: 10.1080/17450399309386032.
In laboratory silages made from orchardgrass, red clover and oats, significant levels of toxic biogenic amines were found. The most widespread were putrescine and cadaverine, concentrations of spermidine, spermine and histamine were ten times lower on average. Of the amines considered, putrescine content seems to be the most sensitive indicator of the extent of putrefaction in silages. A relationship between the putrescine contents and the degree of proteolysis was found. The biogenic amine content is closely connected with both the variety of crop ensiled and even more so with the method and the efficiency of preservation. Neither the application of formic acid nor wilting suppressed the formation of any of the amines in silages selectively. Formic acid suppressed the total concentration of amines to 23% as compared with controls. The highest levels of amines were found in orchardgrass and oat silages; smaller amounts were detected in clover silages. In the case of very poorly preserved silage 100-150 g of toxic amines can be consumed by a cow in a day. This could have a deleterious effect on the physiological condition and the performance of livestock.
在用果园草、红三叶草和燕麦制作的实验室青贮饲料中，发现了大量有毒生物胺。分布最广的是腐胺和尸胺，亚精胺、精胺和组胺的浓度平均低十倍。在所研究的胺类中，腐胺含量似乎是青贮饲料腐败程度最敏感的指标。发现腐胺含量与蛋白水解程度之间存在关联。生物胺含量与青贮作物的品种密切相关，更与保存方法和保存效率密切相关。甲酸的施用和青贮都没有选择性地抑制青贮饲料中任何一种胺的形成。与对照相比，甲酸将胺的总浓度抑制到23%。在果园草和燕麦青贮饲料中发现的胺含量最高；在三叶草青贮饲料中检测到的含量较少。在保存非常差的青贮饲料的情况下，一头奶牛一天可能会摄入100 - 150克有毒胺。这可能会对牲畜的生理状况和生产性能产生有害影响。
