与瑞典幼儿园工作人员及在职女性总体相比，家庭护理服务工作者中与工作相关的肌肉骨骼损伤报告。
Reports of work related musculoskeletal injury among home care service workers compared with nursery school workers and the general population of employed women in Sweden.
作者信息
Ono Y, Lagerström M, Hagberg M, Lindén A, Malker B
机构信息
National Institute of Occupational Health, Division of Work and Environmental Physiology, Solna, Sweden.
出版信息
Occup Environ Med. 1995 Oct;52(10):686-93. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.10.686.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the nationwide occurrence of work related musculoskeletal injuries among all home care service workers in Sweden, and to identify relative risks and risk factors of the injuries.
METHODS
The study was based on work related injuries reported to the Swedish occupational injury information system in 1990-1. The work related musculoskeletal injuries were divided into overexertion accidents and musculoskeletal diseases. The incidence of the injuries in female home care service workers was compared with those in nursery school workers and all other employed women in Sweden.
RESULTS
In home care service workers, the annual incidence of injury from overexertion accidents and musculoskeletal diseases were 19.2 and 15.1 per 1000 workers, respectively, which was higher than those in nursery school workers and all employed women in Sweden. For five injury locations including the back, all the age standardised relative risks (SRR) of overexertion accidents exceeded 4.0, and most of those for musculoskeletal diseases were 1.5 or more in home care service workers compared with all other employed women in Sweden. Total duration of sick leave due to overexertion accidents was 7.7 times, and musculoskeletal diseases 3.5 times, longer than in nursery school workers. National loss due to sick leave resulting from only musculoskeletal injuries in home care service workers was about 8.2% of the total work related sick leave in all employed women in Sweden, although the number of home care service workers represented only some 5% of this population. Lifting other people was most frequently reported as the main risk cause of overexertion accidents in both kinds of workers.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the hypothesis that home care service workers have higher annual injury incidence of musculoskeletal injuries than nursery school workers due to physically stressful tasks that are far less common in nursery school workers.
目的
描述瑞典所有家庭护理服务工作者中与工作相关的肌肉骨骼损伤的全国发生率，并确定损伤的相对风险和风险因素。
方法
该研究基于1990 - 1991年报告给瑞典职业伤害信息系统的与工作相关的损伤。与工作相关的肌肉骨骼损伤分为过度劳累事故和肌肉骨骼疾病。将女性家庭护理服务工作者的损伤发生率与瑞典幼儿园工作者和所有其他就业女性的发生率进行比较。
结果
在家庭护理服务工作者中，过度劳累事故和肌肉骨骼疾病的年损伤发生率分别为每1000名工人19.2例和15.1例，高于瑞典幼儿园工作者和所有就业女性。在包括背部在内的五个损伤部位，与瑞典所有其他就业女性相比，家庭护理服务工作者过度劳累事故的所有年龄标准化相对风险（SRR）均超过4.0，肌肉骨骼疾病的大多数相对风险为1.5或更高。因过度劳累事故导致的病假总时长是幼儿园工作者的7.7倍，肌肉骨骼疾病导致的病假总时长是幼儿园工作者的3.5倍。尽管家庭护理服务工作者的数量仅占该人群的约5%，但仅家庭护理服务工作者因肌肉骨骼损伤导致的病假造成的国家损失约占瑞典所有就业女性与工作相关病假总损失的8.2%。在这两类工作者中，扶起他人最常被报告为过度劳累事故的主要风险原因。
结论
结果支持以下假设，即由于幼儿园工作者中极不常见的体力压力任务，家庭护理服务工作者的肌肉骨骼损伤年发生率高于幼儿园工作者。
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