Guillén Grima F, Aguinaga Ontoso I, Aguinaga Ontoso E
Department of Health Sciences, Navarre State University, Pamplona, Spain.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1995 Feb;11(1):87-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01719951.
In 1992 a new Traffic Rules Code was enacted in Spain. This Code included a helmet law that came into force on 1 September 1992. Since then, helmet use is compulsory for motorcycles in urban areas. Previously, helmet use had been obligatory only for motorcycle in highways. To evaluate driver and passenger compliance with the helmet law, an observational prevalence survey of helmet use in Pamplona (a city of 183,539 inhabitants in the north of Spain) was performed. The utilization of helmet by motorcycle drivers and their passengers was recorded three months before and three after the helmet law took effect. Helmet use increased from 19.7% in the first period to 94.8% in the second period. After the law took effect helmet use was higher among drivers 97.5% than among passengers 77.5%. Passengers used helmet more frequently when the driver was also using helmet. The prevalence ratio of helmet use, in those passengers whose driver used helmet versus those who didn't, was 9.91 (95% CI = 1.52, 64.83). Health education and law enforcement efforts should be targeted to drivers to prevent them from giving a ride to passengers without helmet.
1992年，西班牙颁布了一部新的交通规则法典。这部法典包含一项头盔法，该法于1992年9月1日生效。从那时起，在城市地区骑摩托车必须佩戴头盔。此前，仅在高速公路上骑摩托车才强制佩戴头盔。为了评估驾驶员和乘客对头盔法的遵守情况，在潘普洛纳（西班牙北部一个有183,539名居民的城市）进行了一项关于头盔使用情况的观察性患病率调查。在头盔法生效前三个月和生效后三个月记录摩托车驾驶员及其乘客的头盔使用情况。头盔使用率从第一阶段的19.7%上升到了第二阶段的94.8%。法律生效后，驾驶员的头盔使用率为97.5%，高于乘客的77.5%。当驾驶员也佩戴头盔时，乘客更频繁地佩戴头盔。在驾驶员佩戴头盔的乘客与未佩戴头盔的乘客中，头盔使用的患病率比值为9.91（95%置信区间 = 1.52, 64.83）。健康教育和执法工作应针对驾驶员，以防止他们搭载未佩戴头盔的乘客。
